| Introduction to Batch Chemical Processes | p. 1 |
| Definition of a Batch Process | p. 1 |
| Operational Philosophies | p. 3 |
| Types of Batch Plants | p. 5 |
| Capturing the Essence of Time | p. 6 |
| Recipe Representations | p. 8 |
| Batch Chemical Process Integration: Why Is It Necessary? | p. 9 |
| References | p. 10 |
| Short-Term Scheduling | p. 13 |
| Problem Statement | p. 13 |
| State Sequence Network | p. 14 |
| Mathematical Model | p. 17 |
| Literature Examples | p. 21 |
| First Literature Example | p. 21 |
| Second Literature Example | p. 26 |
| Application of Aggregation Models in Reducing the Binary Dimension | p. 33 |
| Second Literature Example Revisited | p. 33 |
| Summary and Conclusions | p. 36 |
| Exercise | p. 36 |
| References | p. 39 |
| Process Intermediate Storage Operational Philosophy: The New Operational Philosophy | p. 41 |
| The PIS Operational Philosophy | p. 41 |
| Problem Statement | p. 44 |
| Mathematical Formulation | p. 44 |
| Feasibility Constraints | p. 48 |
| Illustrative Examples | p. 53 |
| First Illustrative Example | p. 53 |
| Second Illustrative Example | p. 58 |
| Industrial Application | p. 61 |
| Computational Results | p. 63 |
| Conclusions and Discussion on the Industrial Application | p. 65 |
| Conclusions | p. 65 |
| Exercise | p. 67 |
| References | p. 67 |
| Wastewater Minimisation in Multiproduct Batch Plants: Single Contaminants | p. 69 |
| Problem Statement | p. 70 |
| Problem Superstructure | p. 70 |
| Mathematical Model | p. 72 |
| Water Reuse/Recycle Module | p. 74 |
| Sequencing/Scheduling Module | p. 80 |
| Objective Function | p. 84 |
| Literature Example | p. 85 |
| First Case Study | p. 88 |
| Second Case Study | p. 93 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 97 |
| Exercise | p. 98 |
| References | p. 98 |
| Storage Design for Maximum Wastewater Reuse in Batch Plants | p. 99 |
| The Essence of the Problem | p. 99 |
| Problem Statement | p. 101 |
| Mathematical Model | p. 101 |
| Water Reuse/Recycle Constraints | p. 104 |
| Sequencing/Scheduling Constraints | p. 107 |
| Additional Constraints | p. 110 |
| Objective Function | p. 111 |
| Solution Procedure | p. 111 |
| Two-Stage Optimisation Algorithm for Freshwater and Reusable Water Storage Minimisation | p. 111 |
| Case Study | p. 112 |
| Computational Results | p. 113 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 115 |
| Exercise | p. 116 |
| References | p. 117 |
| Wastewater Minimisation in Multipurpose Batch Plants: Multiple Contaminants | p. 119 |
| Multiple Contaminant Wastewater Minimisation Background | p. 119 |
| Problem Statement | p. 120 |
| Mathematical Formulation | p. 120 |
| Mass Balance Constraints | p. 123 |
| Sequencing and Scheduling Constraints | p. 128 |
| Objective Function | p. 134 |
| Solution Procedure | p. 134 |
| Illustrative Examples | p. 135 |
| First Illustrative Example | p. 135 |
| Second Illustrative Example | p. 139 |
| Literature Example | p. 142 |
| Conclusions | p. 145 |
| Exercise | p. 146 |
| A Typical Cleaning Procedure in the Toiletries Mixing Area | p. 148 |
| References | p. 151 |
| Wastewater Minimisation Using Multiple Storage Vessels | p. 153 |
| Multiple Storage Vessel Background | p. 153 |
| Problem Statement | p. 154 |
| Mathematical Formulation | p. 154 |
| Superstructure for the Multiple Storage Vessel Methodology | p. 156 |
| Mass Balance Constraints | p. 157 |
| Scheduling Constraints | p. 161 |
| Objective Function | p. 164 |
| Illustrative Examples for the Multiple Storage Vessel Model | p. 165 |
| First Illustrative Example | p. 165 |
| Second Illustrative Example | p. 167 |
| Third Illustrative Example | p. 170 |
| Conclusions | p. 171 |
| Exercise | p. 172 |
| References | p. 172 |
| Zero Effluent Methodologies | p. 173 |
| Zero Effluent Operation | p. 173 |
| Superstructure Used in the Methodology | p. 175 |
| Zero Effluent Scheduling Model | p. 176 |
| Problem Statement for the Zero Effluent Scheduling Formulation | p. 178 |
| Mass Balance Constraints | p. 179 |
| Scheduling Constraints | p. 181 |
| Additional Constraints for Significant Contaminant Mass in the Wastewater | p. 186 |
| Objective Function | p. 187 |
| Zero Effluent Plant Synthesis Formulation | p. 188 |
| Problem Statement for Synthesis Formulation | p. 188 |
| Constraints Considered in the Formulation | p. 188 |
| Illustrative Examples Using the Zero Effluent Mode of Operation | p. 190 |
| First Illustrative Example | p. 190 |
| Second Illustrative Example | p. 193 |
| Conclusions | p. 195 |
| Exercise | p. 196 |
| References | p. 196 |
| Wastewater Minimisation Using Inherent Storage | p. 197 |
| Inherent Storage Background | p. 197 |
| Problem Statement | p. 198 |
| Mathematical Formulation for Inherent Storage | p. 199 |
| Superstructure Used in the Mathematical Formulation | p. 199 |
| Mass Balance Constraints | p. 200 |
| Sequencing and Scheduling Constraints | p. 204 |
| Inclusion of the Maximum Outlet Concentration Condition | p. 210 |
| Solution Procedures for the Problems Considered in the Inherent Storage Methodology | p. 211 |
| Illustrative Examples Using Inherent Storage | p. 211 |
| First Illustrative Example | p. 212 |
| Second Illustrative Example | p. 214 |
| Conclusions | p. 217 |
| Exercise | p. 218 |
| References | p. 218 |
| Heat Integration in Multipurpose Batch Plants: I. Direct Heat Integration | p. 219 |
| Some Background to Heat Integration of Batch Plants | p. 219 |
| Problem Statement | p. 221 |
| Mathematical Formulation | p. 221 |
| Case 1: Variable Batch Size | p. 223 |
| Case 2: Fixed Batch Size | p. 225 |
| Literature Example | p. 227 |
| Results and Discussion | p. 227 |
| Industrial Case Study | p. 230 |
| Results and Discussion | p. 231 |
| Conclusions | p. 233 |
| Exercise | p. 234 |
| References | p. 234 |
| Heat Integration in Multipurpose Batch Plants: II. Indirect Heat Integration | p. 235 |
| Problem Statement | p. 235 |
| Mathematical Model | p. 236 |
| Case Study | p. 241 |
| Results | p. 242 |
| Conclusions | p. 244 |
| Exercise | p. 245 |
| References | p. 245 |
| A Graphical Technique for Wastewater Minimisation in Batch Processes | p. 247 |
| Introduction | p. 247 |
| Wang and Smith Approach for Water Minimisation in Batch Processes | p. 249 |
| Graphical Analysis for Completely Batch Processes | p. 254 |
| Problem Statement | p. 254 |
| Time Taken as a Primary Constraints | p. 254 |
| Concentration Taken as a Primary Constraints | p. 263 |
| A Brief Comparison Between Graphical and Mathematical Approaches | p. 269 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 272 |
| Exercise | p. 272 |
| References | p. 272 |
| Index | p. 275 |
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