Artech House Optoelectronics Library

Modeling and Performance Prediction

By: Jon C. Leachtenauer, Ronald G Driggers

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Hardcover | 31 March 2001

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424 Pages

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23.39 x 15.6 x 2.39

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An up-to-date, comprehensive review of surveillance and reconnaissance (S&R) imaging system modelling and performance prediction. This resource helps the reader predict the information potential of new surveillance system designs, compare and select from alternative measures of information extraction, relate the performance of tactical acquisition sensors and surveillance sensors, and understand the relative importance of each element of the image chain on S&R system performance. It provides system descriptions and characteristics, S&R modelling history, and performance modelling details. With an emphasis on validated prediction of human observer performance, this book addresses the specific design and analysis techniques used with today's S&R imaging systems. It offers in-depth discussions on everything from the conceptual performance prediction model, linear shift invariant systems, and measurement variables used for S&R information extraction to predictor variables, target and environmental considerations, CRT and flat panel display selection, and models for image processing. Conversion methods between alternative modelling approaches are examined to help the reader perform system comparisons.

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Preface	p. xv
Acknowledgments	p. xvii
Introduction	p. 1
Modeling Applications	p. 2
Conceptual SandR Model	p. 3
Performance Prediction Approaches	p. 8
Physical Image Quality	p. 8
Physical Models and Simulations	p. 9
Information Theory-Based Models	p. 10
Difference Models and Metrics	p. 11
Summary	p. 12
References	p. 12
Surveillance and Reconnaissance Imaging Systems	p. 13
Introduction	p. 13
Imaging with IR and EO Sensors	p. 16
Infrared Sensors	p. 16
Electro-Optical Sensors	p. 19
Image Formation	p. 20
Line Scanners	p. 20
Staring Array Sensors	p. 22
Television Sensors	p. 23
Analog versus Digital Signals	p. 24
Imaging System Parameters	p. 25
Sensitivity and Resolution	p. 25
Field of View	p. 26
Field of Regard	p. 27
Diffraction	p. 27
Detector Angular Subtense and Instantaneous Field of View	p. 29
Ground Sample Distance	p. 30
Point Spread Function	p. 32
Synthetic Aperture Radar	p. 33
Choice of Imaging Sensors	p. 37
Examples of Surveillance and Reconnaissance Sensors	p. 39
Predator	p. 39
Global Hawk	p. 41
Landsat 7	p. 42
RADARSAT	p. 45
IKONOS	p. 47
Russian Satellite Imagery	p. 47
Other Satellite Systems	p. 49
References	p. 50
Historical Review	p. 53
Pre-1950	p. 53
1950-1970	p. 57
1970 to Present	p. 64
Summary	p. 68
References	p. 69
Linear Shift Invariant Imaging Systems	p. 75
Linearity and Shift Invariance	p. 75
The Impulse Function	p. 77
The Fourier Series and Fourier Transform	p. 79
Fourier Series	p. 79
Fourier Transform	p. 80
Fourier Transform Properties	p. 81
Fourier Transform Pairs	p. 82
LSI Imaging System	p. 83
Imaging in the Space and Frequency Domains	p. 85
Imaging with Components	p. 85
Optics	p. 89
Detectors	p. 90
Electronics	p. 94
Displays	p. 99
Human Vision	p. 101
Simplifying LSI Imager Analysis to One Dimension	p. 103
Sampled Imaging Systems	p. 108
SAR Impulse Response and Transfer Function	p. 110
Summary	p. 111
References	p. 111
Information Extraction Measures	p. 115
Direct Performance Measures	p. 116
Probability of Task Performance	p. 116
Completeness and Accuracy	p. 119
Statistical Properties of Direct Measures	p. 120
Theory of Signal Detection	p. 124
Range/Time Measures	p. 128
Performance Estimate Measures	p. 129
National Imagery Interpretability Rating Scale	p. 132
Task Satisfaction Confidence Ratings	p. 145
Relative Quality Scales	p. 148
Information and Difference Metrics	p. 152
Summary	p. 156
References	p. 156
Information Extraction Performance Predictors	p. 159
Scale, Resolution, and Sharpness	p. 160
Scale	p. 160
Photographic Resolution	p. 162
Video Resolution (Analog)	p. 167
Electro-optical Systems	p. 170
SAR Resolution	p. 174
Contrast and Noise	p. 177
Photographic Measures	p. 177
Electro-optical Measures	p. 181
SAR Measures	p. 182
Artifacts	p. 185
Summary Measures	p. 188
Regression Models	p. 188
MTF	p. 188
MTF Measures	p. 191
SNR Measures	p. 194
Physical Difference Metrics	p. 196
Summary	p. 197
References	p. 198
Target and Environmental Considerations	p. 203
Target Effects	p. 203
Deception and Denial	p. 216
Atmospheric Effects	p. 220
Summary	p. 222
References	p. 223
Image Processing Considerations	p. 225
Bandwidth Compression	p. 225
Single Image Monochrome Compression	p. 228
Multichannel Image Compression	p. 233
Motion Imagery Compression	p. 236
Enhancement Processing	p. 241
Spatial Filtering	p. 242
Pixel Intensity Transforms	p. 245
Image Fusion	p. 249
Summary	p. 250
References	p. 251
Selected Bibliography	p. 252
Display and Observer Considerations	p. 255
Displays	p. 255
Briggs Targets	p. 256
CRT Displays	p. 258
Flat Panel Displays	p. 271
Display Environment	p. 273
Observer Characteristics	p. 278
Observer Selection	p. 278
Observer Variability	p. 282
Observer Models	p. 284
Summary	p. 293
References	p. 294
Performance Prediction Models	p. 299
Parameter-Based Models	p. 300
General Image Quality Equation	p. 301
Target Acquisition Sensor Performance Modeling	p. 312
Physique	p. 326
Radar Threshold Quality Factor	p. 328
Other SAR Models	p. 329
Image-Based Models	p. 330
Image Quality Model	p. 331
Sarnoff JND Model	p. 334
Other Image-Based Models	p. 339
Summary	p. 344
References	p. 344
Sensor Performance Conversions	p. 349
Johnson Criteria and NIIRS	p. 351
Conversions with Models	p. 352
Comparing Sensor Performance Conversions	p. 356
Performance Conversion as a Function of Target Size	p. 360
Summary	p. 360
References	p. 362
Conclusions and Future Directions	p. 365
Spectral Domain	p. 366
Temporal Effects	p. 368
Search	p. 369
SAR	p. 371
Summary	p. 374
References	p. 376
List of Acronyms	p. 379
About the Authors	p. 385
Index	p. 387
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.

Artech House Optoelectronics Library

Modeling and Performance Prediction

At a Glance

Hardcover

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