Preface
Part I Theory and Principles
1 Introduction 3
What is architectural conservation? 3
Why conserve? 3
Architectural conservation 5
Conservation as a profession 6
Professional roles in building conservation 7
Craft skills 10
Studies in building conservation 10
Professional accreditation 11
Working internationally 11
Structure of the book 12
2 International and historic context of conservation 15
Historic context 16
The symbolic and nostalgic connotations of historic monuments 16
âRestorationâ in the nineteenth century 17
The search for authenticity 17
Conservation in the twentieth century 20
Built heritage as a symbol of national identity 20
International conservation charters 21
The non-Western perspective 23
The urban conservation movement 25
UNESCO and the World Heritage Convention 26
Shifting emphases 28
Conservation-led regeneration 29
The industrial heritage 29
The legacy of the twentieth century 31
Cultural landscapes 32
Intangible heritage 33
Integrated approaches 35
Summary and conclusion 35
3 Theoretical framework and conservation principles 37
Values and definitions 38
A values-based approach 38
Terms and definitions 46
Principles, philosophy and guidance 50
Ethics in conservation 51
Principles 52
Summary and conclusion 63
4 Legislation, Policy and Guidance 66
Decision making in conservation 67
International level 67
National level 68
Local level 69
Non-governmental organisations and amenity societies 71
The private sector and property owners 72
Public participation 73
Statutory protection 74
Archaeological sites and ancient monuments 75
Monuments and buildings of architectural and historic significance 76
Area-based designation (conservation areas) 81
Historic gardens and landscapes 84
Other forms of control and legislation that impact on historic buildings 86
Summary and conclusion 87
Part II Principles Into Practice
5 Managing conservation 91
Survey and analysis 91
Understanding 91
Research 94
Survey 95
Specialist investigations 96
Information management 97
Making and evaluating proposals 98
Conservation management plans 98
Impact assessment 100
Project implementation 102
Financing conservation 102
Construction contracts for conservation 103
Implementation on site 104
Managing historic properties 105
Maintenance planning 105
Risk assessment and preparedness 108
Access management 108
Summary and conclusion 110
6 Causes of decay, environmental services and structures in conservation 112
Causes of decay 112
Climatic causes 113
Biological and botanical causes 115
Natural disasters 115
Human beings 118
Managing environmental conditions in historic buildings 120
Designing for and locating services in historic buildings 122
Heating and cooling 123
Improving environmental performance 125
Lighting historic buildings 125
Fire protection 128
Structural conservation 130
Structural failure 130
Understanding and analysing structures 131
Repair and conservation of historic structures 133
Summary and conclusion 135
7 Conservation of materials 137
Earth structures 139
Building in earth 139
Causes of decay and failure 141
Principles and techniques of repair 142
Thatch 143
Thatching 143
Causes of decay 144
Principles and techniques of repair 144
Timber 145
Building with timber 145
Causes of decay and failure 148
Principles and techniques of repair 149
Stone 152
Building with stone 152
Causes of decay and deterioration 154
Principles and techniques of repair 155
Bricks and clay roof tiles 159
Building in brick 159
Causes of decay and failure 160
Principles and techniques of repair 160
Tiles, faience and terracotta 163
Tiles, faience and terracotta on buildings 163
Causes of decay and failure 165
Principles and techniques of repair 166
Structural metals 166
Structural use of metals in buildings 166
Causes of decay and failure 168
Principles and techniques of repair 169
Sheet metals 169
Sheet metals in buildings 169
Causes of decay and failure 169
Principles and techniques of repair 170
Glass 172
Renders, plasters and mortars 172
Renders, plasters and mortars in building 172
Causes of decay and failure 174
Principles and techniques of repair 174
Concrete 175
Building in concrete 175
Causes of decay and failure 175
Principles and techniques of repair 175
Plastics and resins 176
Finishes 177
Materials used for coatings and finishes 177
Principles and techniques of conservation 178
Cleaning surfaces 181
Summary and conclusion 182
8 Regeneration, reuse and design in the historic environment 185
Urban regeneration 185
Conservation-led regeneration 185
Urban conservation 187
Economic viability 191
Adaptive reuse 194
Design in the historic environment 197
The context of townscape 197
Architectural interventions 198
Summary and conclusion 206
Conclusion 208
Glossary 211
Bibliography 215
Index 221
