| Basic Material and Asymptotics | p. 1 |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Existence and Uniqueness | p. 2 |
| The Gronwall Lemma | p. 4 |
| Concepts of Asymptotic Approximation | p. 5 |
| Naive Formulation of Perturbation Problems | p. 12 |
| Reformulation in the Standard Form | p. 16 |
| The Standard Form in the Quasilinear Case | p. 17 |
| Averaging: the Periodic Case | p. 21 |
| Introduction | p. 21 |
| Van der Pol Equation | p. 22 |
| A Linear Oscillator with Frequency Modulation | p. 24 |
| One Degree of Freedom Hamiltonian System | p. 25 |
| The Necessity of Restricting the Interval of Time | p. 26 |
| Bounded Solutions and a Restricted Time Scale of Validity | p. 27 |
| Counter Example of Crude Averaging | p. 28 |
| Two Proofs of First-Order Periodic Averaging | p. 30 |
| Higher-Order Periodic Averaging and Trade-Off | p. 37 |
| Higher-Order Periodic Averaging | p. 37 |
| Estimates on Longer Time Intervals | p. 41 |
| Modified Van der Pol Equation | p. 42 |
| Periodic Orbit of the Van der Pol Equation | p. 43 |
| Methodology of Averaging | p. 45 |
| Introduction | p. 45 |
| Handling the Averaging Process | p. 45 |
| Lie Theory for Matrices | p. 46 |
| Lie Theory for Autonomous Vector Fields | p. 47 |
| Lie Theory for Periodic Vector Fields | p. 48 |
| Solving the Averaged Equations | p. 50 |
| Averaging Periodic Systems with Slow Time Dependence | p. 52 |
| Pendulum with Slowly Varying Length | p. 54 |
| Unique Averaging | p. 56 |
| Averaging and Multiple Time Scale Methods | p. 60 |
| Averaging: the General Case | p. 67 |
| Introduction | p. 67 |
| Basic Lemmas; the Periodic Case | p. 68 |
| General Averaging | p. 72 |
| Linear Oscillator with Increasing Damping | p. 75 |
| Second-Order Averaging | p. 77 |
| Example of Second-Order Averaging | p. 81 |
| Almost-Periodic Vector Fields | p. 82 |
| Example | p. 84 |
| Attraction | p. 89 |
| Introduction | p. 89 |
| Equations with Linear Attraction | p. 90 |
| Examples of Regular Perturbations with Attraction | p. 93 |
| Two Species | p. 93 |
| A perturbation theorem | p. 94 |
| Two Species, Continued | p. 96 |
| Examples of Averaging with Attraction | p. 96 |
| Anharmonic Oscillator with Linear Damping | p. 97 |
| Duffing's Equation with Damping and Forcing | p. 97 |
| Theory of Averaging with Attraction | p. 100 |
| An Attractor in the Original Equation | p. 103 |
| Contracting Maps | p. 104 |
| Attracting Limit-Cycles | p. 106 |
| Additional Examples | p. 107 |
| Perturbation of the Linear Terms | p. 108 |
| Damping on Various Time Scales | p. 108 |
| Periodic Averaging and Hyperbolicity | p. 111 |
| Introduction | p. 111 |
| Coupled Duffing Equations, An Example | p. 113 |
| Rest Points and Periodic Solutions | p. 116 |
| The Regular Case | p. 116 |
| The Averaging Case | p. 117 |
| Local Conjugacy and Shadowing | p. 119 |
| The Regular Case | p. 120 |
| The Averaging Case | p. 126 |
| Extended Error Estimate for Solutions Approaching an Attractor | p. 128 |
| Conjugacy and Shadowing in a Dumbbell-Shaped Neighborhood | p. 129 |
| The Regular Case | p. 130 |
| The Averaging Case | p. 134 |
| Extension to Larger Compact Sets | p. 135 |
| Extensions and Degenerate Cases | p. 138 |
| Averaging over Angles | p. 141 |
| Introduction | p. 141 |
| The Case of Constant Frequencies | p. 141 |
| Total Resonances | p. 146 |
| The Case of Variable Frequencies | p. 150 |
| Examples | p. 152 |
| Einstein Pendulum | p. 152 |
| Nonlinear Oscillator | p. 153 |
| Oscillator Attached to a Flywheel | p. 154 |
| Secondary (Not Second Order) Averaging | p. 156 |
| Formal Theory | p. 157 |
| Slowly Varying Frequency | p. 159 |
| Einstein Pendulum | p. 163 |
| Higher Order Approximation in the Regular Case | p. 163 |
| Generalization of the Regular Case | p. 166 |
| Two-Body Problem with Variable Mass | p. 169 |
| Passage Through Resonance | p. 171 |
| Introduction | p. 171 |
| The Inner Expansion | p. 172 |
| The Outer Expansion | p. 173 |
| The Composite Expansion | p. 174 |
| Remarks on Higher-Dimensional Problems | p. 175 |
| Introduction | p. 175 |
| The Case of More Than One Angle | p. 175 |
| Example of Resonance Locking | p. 176 |
| Example of Forced Passage through Resonance | p. 178 |
| Inner and Outer Expansion | p. 179 |
| Two Examples | p. 188 |
| The Forced Mathematical Pendulum | p. 188 |
| An Oscillator Attached to a Fly-Wheel | p. 190 |
| From Averaging to Normal Forms | p. 193 |
| Classical, or First-Level, Normal Forms | p. 193 |
| Differential Operators Associated with a Vector Field | p. 194 |
| Lie Theory | p. 196 |
| Normal Form Styles | p. 197 |
| The Semisimple Case | p. 198 |
| The Nonsemisimple Case | p. 199 |
| The Transpose or Inner Product Normal Form Style | p. 200 |
| The sl[subscript 2] Normal Form | p. 201 |
| Higher Level Normal Forms | p. 202 |
| Hamiltonian Normal Form Theory | p. 205 |
| Introduction | p. 205 |
| The Hamiltonian Formalism | p. 205 |
| Local Expansions and Rescaling | p. 207 |
| Basic Ingredients of the Flow | p. 207 |
| Normalization of Hamiltonians around Equilibria | p. 210 |
| The Generating Function | p. 210 |
| Normal Form Polynomials | p. 213 |
| Canonical Variables at Resonance | p. 214 |
| Periodic Solutions and Integrals | p. 215 |
| Two Degrees of Freedom, General Theory | p. 216 |
| Introduction | p. 216 |
| The Linear Flow | p. 218 |
| Description of the w[subscript 1]: w[subscript 2]-Resonance in Normal Form | p. 220 |
| General Aspects of the k : l-Resonance, k [not equal] l | p. 221 |
| Two Degrees of Freedom, Examples | p. 223 |
| The 1 : 2-Resonance | p. 223 |
| The Symmetric 1 : 1-Resonance | p. 227 |
| The 1 : 3-Resonance | p. 229 |
| Higher-order Resonances | p. 233 |
| Three Degrees of Freedom, General Theory | p. 238 |
| Introduction | p. 238 |
| The Order of Resonance | p. 239 |
| Periodic Orbits and Integrals | p. 241 |
| The w[subscript 1]: w[subscript 2]: w[subscript 3]-Resonance | p. 243 |
| The Kernel of ad(H[superscript 0]) | p. 243 |
| Three Degrees of Freedom, Examples | p. 249 |
| The 1 : 2 : 1-Resonance | p. 249 |
| Integrability of the 1 : 2 : 1 Normal Form | p. 250 |
| The 1 : 2 : 2-Resonance | p. 252 |
| Integrability of the 1 : 2 : 2 Normal Form | p. 253 |
| The 1 : 2 : 3-Resonance | p. 254 |
| Integrability of the 1 : 2 : 3 Normal Form | p. 255 |
| The 1 : 2 : 4-Resonance | p. 257 |
| Integrability of the 1 : 2 : 4 Normal Form | p. 258 |
| Summary of Integrability of Normalized Systems | p. 259 |
| Genuine Second-Order Resonances | p. 260 |
| Classical (First-Level) Normal Form Theory | p. 263 |
| Introduction | p. 263 |
| Leibniz Algebras and Representations | p. 264 |
| Cohomology | p. 267 |
| A Matter of Style | p. 269 |
| Example: Nilpotent Linear Part in R[superscript 2] | p. 272 |
| Induced Linear Algebra | p. 274 |
| The Nilpotent Case | p. 276 |
| Nilpotent Example Revisited | p. 278 |
| The Nonsemisimple Case | p. 279 |
| The Form of the Normal Form, the Description Problem | p. 281 |
| Nilpotent (Classical) Normal Form | p. 285 |
| Introduction | p. 285 |
| Classical Invariant Theory | p. 285 |
| Transvectants | p. 286 |
| A Remark on Generating Functions | p. 290 |
| The Jacobson-Morozov Lemma | p. 293 |
| Description of the First Level Normal Forms | p. 294 |
| The N[subscript 2] Case | p. 294 |
| The N[subscript 3] Case | p. 297 |
| The N[subscript 4] Case | p. 298 |
| Intermezzo: How Free? | p. 302 |
| The N[subscript 2,2] Case | p. 303 |
| The N[subscript 5] Case | p. 306 |
| The N[subscript 2,3] Case | p. 307 |
| Description of the First Level Normal Forms | p. 310 |
| The N[subscript 2,2,2] Case | p. 310 |
| The N[subscript 3,3] Case | p. 311 |
| The N[subscript 3,4] Case | p. 312 |
| Concluding Remark | p. 314 |
| Higher-Level Normal Form Theory | p. 315 |
| Introduction | p. 315 |
| Some Standard Results | p. 316 |
| Abstract Formulation of Normal Form Theory | p. 317 |
| The Hilbert-Poincare Series of a Spectral Sequence | p. 320 |
| The Anharmonic Oscillator | p. 321 |
| Case A[superscript r]: [Characters not reproducible] Is Invertible | p. 323 |
| Case A[superscript r]: [Characters not reproducible] Is Not Invertible, but [Characters not reproducible] Is | p. 323 |
| The m-adic Approach | p. 326 |
| The Hamiltonian 1 : 2-Resonance | p. 326 |
| Averaging over Angles | p. 328 |
| Definition of Normal Form | p. 329 |
| Linear Convergence, Using the Newton Method | p. 330 |
| Quadratic Convergence, Using the Dynkin Formula | p. 334 |
| The History of the Theory of Averaging | p. 337 |
| Early Calculations and Ideas | p. 337 |
| Formal Perturbation Theory and Averaging | p. 340 |
| Jacobi | p. 340 |
| Poincare | p. 341 |
| Van der Pol | p. 342 |
| Proofs of Asymptotic Validity | p. 343 |
| A 4-Dimensional Example of Hopf Bifurcation | p. 345 |
| Introduction | p. 345 |
| The Model Problem | p. 346 |
| The Linear Equation | p. 347 |
| Linear Perturbation Theory | p. 348 |
| The Nonlinear Problem | p. 350 |
| Invariant Manifolds by Averaging | p. 353 |
| Introduction | p. 353 |
| Deforming a Normally Hyperbolic Manifold | p. 354 |
| Tori by Bogoliubov-Mitropolsky-Hale Continuation | p. 356 |
| The Case of Parallel Flow | p. 357 |
| Tori Created by Neimark-Sacker Bifurcation | p. 360 |
| Celestial Mechanics | p. 363 |
| Introduction | p. 363 |
| The Unperturbed Kepler Problem | p. 364 |
| Perturbations | p. 365 |
| Motion Around an 'Oblate Planet' | p. 366 |
| Harmonic Oscillator Formulation | p. 367 |
| First Order Averaging | p. 368 |
| A Dissipative Force: Atmospheric Drag | p. 371 |
| Systems with Mass Loss or Variable G | p. 373 |
| Two-body System with Increasing Mass | p. 376 |
| On Averaging Methods for Partial Differential Equations | p. 377 |
| Introduction | p. 377 |
| Averaging of Operators | p. 378 |
| Averaging in a Banach Space | p. 378 |
| Averaging a Time-Dependent Operator | p. 379 |
| A Time-Periodic Advection-Diffusion Problem | p. 381 |
| Nonlinearities, Boundary Conditions and Sources | p. 382 |
| Hyperbolic Operators with a Discrete Spectrum | p. 383 |
| Averaging Results by Buitelaar | p. 384 |
| Galerkin Averaging Results | p. 386 |
| Example: the Cubic Klein-Gordon Equation | p. 389 |
| Example: Wave Equation with Many Resonances | p. 391 |
| Example: the Keller-Kogelman Problem | p. 392 |
| Discussion | p. 394 |
| References | p. 395 |
| Index of Definitions & Descriptions | p. 413 |
| General Index | p. 417 |
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