Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Electromagnetic Fields 2
Electric Fields 3
Magnetic Fields 4
Field Linkage 4
1.2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum 5
1.3 Wireless Communications 6
1.4 Dealing with Units 8
1.5 Working with MATLAB 10
MATLAB Programs 15
1.6 Wave Fundamentals 19
1.7 Phasors 26
Summary 29
Problems 29
Chapter 2 Transmission Lines 31
2.1 Distributed-Parameter Model 32
Coaxial Cable 34
Telegraphist’s Equations 37
2.2 Time-Harmonic Waves on Transmission Lines 39
Characteristic Impedance 42
Lossless Line 43
2.3 Power Transmission 45
2.4 Terminated T-Lines 48
Voltage Standing Wave Ratio 50
Input Impedance 51
Complex Loads 53
Special Terminations 54
2.5 The Complete Circuit 55
2.6 The Smith Chart 62
Smith Chart Derivation 62
Using the Smith Chart 69
Impedance Measurement 73
2.7 Impedance Matching 76
Quarter-Wave Transformer 78
Matching with the Smith Chart 79
Admittance of Shunt Stubs 81
Shunt Stub Matching 84
2.8 Transients 87
Pulse Response 91
Practical Application: Schottky-Diode Terminations 95
Reactive Loads 96
Time-Domain Reflectometry 99
2.9 Dispersion 101
Summary 107
Problems 108
Chapter 3 Electrostatics 114
3.1 Vectors in the Cartesian Coordinate System 115
3.2 Coulomb’s Law 122
Electric Field Intensity 124
Field Lines 125
3.3 The Spherical Coordinate System 126
3.4 Line Charges and the Cylindrical Coordinate System 129
Infinite Length Line of Charge 133
Ring of Charge 138
3.5 Surface and Volume Charge 139
Volume Charge 145
Practical Application: Laser Printer 148
3.6 Electric Flux Density 149
3.7 Gauss’s Law and Applications 153
Coaxial Cable 157
3.8 Divergence and the Point Form of Gauss’s Law 161
3.9 Electric Potential 166
Gradient 171
3.10 Conductors and Ohm’s Law 176
Current and Current Density 178
Joule’s Law 181
3.11 Dielectrics 182
Practical Application: Electret Microphone 185
3.12 Boundary Conditions 186
3.13 Boundary Value Problems 190
3.14 Capacitance 194
Electrostatic Potential Energy 198
Practical Application: Electrolytic Capacitors 199
Summary 200
Problems 202
Chapter 4 Magnetostatics 208
4.1. Magnetic Fields and Cross Product 209
Oersted’s Experiment 214
4.2 Biot-Savart’s Law 214
Solenoid 221
Surface and Volume Current Densities 222
4.3 Ampe`re’s Circuital Law 224
4.4 Curl and the Point Form of Ampere’s Circuital Law 234
Stoke’s Theorem 236
4.5 Magnetic Flux Density 237
4.6 Magnetic Forces 240
Force on a Current Element 241
Magnetic Torque and Moment 246
Practical Application: Loudspeakers 250
4.7 Magnetic Materials 251
4.8 Boundary Conditions 251
4.9 Inductance and Magnetic Energy 261
Mutual Inductance 264
Magnetic Energy 266
4.10 Magnetic Circuits 269
Electromagnets 273
Practical Application: Maglev 276
Summary 278
Problems 280
Chapter 5 Dynamic Fields 286
5.1 Current Continuity and Relaxation Time 286
5.2 Faraday’s Law and Transformer EMF 288
Transformer EMF 290
Transformers 293
Point Form of Faraday’s Law 295
5.3 Faraday’s Law and Motional EMF 296
Generators 299
5.4 Displacement Current 301
5.5 Maxwell’s Equations 305
5.6 Lossless TEM Waves 306
5.7 Time-Harmonic Fields and Phasors 312
Summary 315
Problems 316
Chapter 6 Plane Waves 320
6.1 General Wave Equations 321
Time-Harmonic Wave
Equations 322
Propagating Fields Relation 327
6.2 Propagation in Lossless, Charge-Free Media 328
6.3 Propagation in Dielectrics 330
Low-Loss Dielectrics 332
Loss Tangent 333
6.4 Propagation in Conductors 335
Current in Conductors 337
6.5 The Poynting Theorem and Power Transmission 342
UPW Power Transmission 344
6.6 Polarization 347
Practical Application: Liquid Crystal Displays 352
6.7 Reflection and Transmission at Normal Incidence 353
General Case 353
Standing Waves 358
6.8 Reflection and Transmission at Oblique Incidence 359
TE Polarization 360
TM Polarization 366
Summary 368
Problems 370
Chapter 7 Waveguides 373
7.1 Rectangular Waveguide Fundamentals 374
Wave Propagation 377
Waveguide Impedance 381
Practical Application: Microwave Ovens 384
7.2 Waveguide Field Equations 385
TM Mode 388
TE Mode 394
7.3 Dielectric Waveguide 398
TE Mode 401
TM Mode 403
Field Equations 404
7.4 Optical Fiber 407
Numerical Aperture 410
Signal Degradation 411
Attenuation 412
Graded-Index Fiber 413
7.5 Fiber-Optic Communication Systems 413
Optical Sources 414
Optical Detectors 416
Repeaters and Optical Amplifiers 417
Connections 418
7.6 Optical Link Design 419
Power Budget 419
Rise-Time Budget 420
Summary 423
Suggested References 424
Problems 424
Chapter 8 Antennas 426
8.1 General Properties 428
Radiated Power 428
Radiation Patterns 429
Directivity 431
Impedance and Efficiency 436
A Commercial Antenna 445
8.2 Electrically Short Antennas 438
Vector Magnetic Potential 438
The Hertzian Dipole 441
The Small Loop Antenna 445
8.3 Dipole Antennas 447
Derivation of Fields 448
Antenna Properties 451
Half-Wave Dipole 458
8.4 Monopole Antennas 462
Image Theory 462
Antenna Properties 463
Practical Considerations 465
8.5 Antenna Arrays 467
Pair of Hertzian Dipoles 469
N-Element Linear Array 473
Parasitic Arrays 475
8.6 The Friis Transmission Equation 476
Polarization Efficiency 476
Receiver Matching 483
8.7 Radar 484
Doppler Frequency Shift 486
8.8 Antennas for Wireless Communications 487
Parabolic Reflectors 488
Patch Antennas 489
Slot Antennas 490
Folded Dipole Antennas 491
Summary 492
Suggested References 494
Problems 494
Chapter 9 Electromagnetic Interference 499
9.1 Interference Sources 500
Lightning 500
Electrostatic Discharge 500
Power Disturbance Sources 501
Radio Transmitters 502
9.2 Passive Circuit Elements 503
Conductors 503
Resistors 506
Inductors 510
Capacitors 513
9.3 Digital Signals 517
9.4 Grounds 519
Bond Wires 521
Signal Grounds 521
Loop Area 524
9.5 Shields 524
Shielded Cable 531
9.6 Filters 531
Reflective Filters 531
Ferrite Chokes 537
Summary 538
Suggested References 539
Problems 540
Chapter 10 Microwave Engineering 541
10.1 Microstrip 543
Attenuation 549
Other Planar T-Lines 550
10.2 Lumped-Element Matching Networks 551
10.3 Scattering Parameters 557
Reciprocal Networks 562
Lossless Networks 563
Return Loss and Insertion Loss 564
Shift in Reference Plane 565
The Vector Network Analyzer 567
10.4 Couplers and Dividers 568
Circulators 568
Three-Port Dividers 570
Couplers 571
10.5 Filters 576
Simple Filters 579
Multisection Filters 581
High-Pass Filters 586
Bandpass Filters 588
10.6 Amplifiers 592
Designing Matching Networks 596
Balanced Amplifiers 600
10.7 Receiver Design 602
Oscillators 602
Mixers 603
Microwave CAD 605
Practical Application: Radio Frequency Identification 606
Summary 607
Suggested References 608
Problems 609
Appendix A Vector Relations 614
Appendix B Coordinate System Transformations 617
Appendix C Complex Numbers 621
Appendix D Integrals, Conversions, and Constants 623
Appendix E Material Properties 625
Appendix F Common MATLAB Math Functions 627
Appendix G Answers to Selected Problems 628
Index 650
