Analyzing Grammar : An Introduction - Paul Kroeger

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Analyzing Grammar

An Introduction

By: Paul Kroeger

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Hardcover | 5 August 2005

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384 Pages

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24.41 x 16.99 x 2.24

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Analyzing Grammar is a clear introductory textbook on grammatical analysis, designed for students beginning to study the discipline. Covering both syntax (the structure of phrases and sentences) and morphology (the structure of words), it equips them with the tools and methods needed to analyze grammatical patterns in any language. Students are shown how to use standard notational devices such as phrase structure trees and word-formation rules, as well as prose descriptions. Emphasis is placed on comparing the different grammatical systems of the world's languages, and students are encouraged to practice the analyses through a diverse range of problem sets and exercises. Topics covered include word order, constituency, case, agreement, tense, gender, pronoun systems, inflection, derivation, argument structure and grammatical relations, and a useful glossary provides a clear explanation of each term. Accessibly written and comprehensive, Analyzing Grammar is set to become a key text for all courses in grammatical analysis.

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Preface and acknowledgments	p. xi
List of abbreviations	p. xiv
Grammatical form	p. 1
Form, meaning, and use	p. 1
Aspects of linguistic form	p. 2
Grammar as a system of rules	p. 4
Conclusion	p. 5
Analyzing word structure	p. 7
Identifying meaningful elements	p. 7
Morphemes	p. 12
Representing word structure	p. 14
Analyzing position classes	p. 18
A typology of word structure	p. 22
Exercises	p. 24
Constituent structure	p. 26
Ambiguity	p. 26
Constituency	p. 28
Hierarchy	p. 32
Syntactic categories	p. 33
Tree diagrams: representing the constituents of a clause	p. 38
Pronouns and proper names as phrasal categories	p. 44
Conclusion	p. 46
Practice exercises	p. 47
Exercises	p. 47
Semantic roles and Grammatical Relations	p. 51
Simple sentences and propositions	p. 52
Arguments and semantic roles	p. 53
Grammatical Relations	p. 55
Adjuncts vs. arguments	p. 58
"Indirect objects" and secondary objects	p. 61
Conclusion	p. 62
Exercises	p. 63
Lexical entries and well-formed clauses	p. 66
Lexical entries	p. 66
Argument structure and subcategorization	p. 67
Properties of a well-formed clause	p. 72
Uniqueness of oblique arguments	p. 79
Zero-anaphora ("pro-drop")	p. 79
Further notes on English Phrase Structure	p. 81
Conclusion	p. 83
Exercises	p. 83
Noun Phrases	p. 87
Complements and adjuncts of N	p. 87
Determiners	p. 89
Adjectives and Adjective Phrases (AP)	p. 90
Possession and recursion	p. 92
English NP structure (continued)	p. 97
Conclusion	p. 98
Practice exercise	p. 98
Exercises	p. 98
Case and agreement	p. 102
Case	p. 102
Agreement	p. 111
Conclusion	p. 118
Exercises	p. 119
Noun classes and pronouns	p. 128
Noun classes and gender	p. 128
Pronouns	p. 135
Exercises	p. 143
Tense, Aspect, and Modality	p. 147
Tense	p. 147
Aspect	p. 152
Perfect vs. perfective	p. 158
Combinations of tense and aspect	p. 161
Mood	p. 163
Modality	p. 165
Conclusion	p. 168
Exercises	p. 169
Non-verbal predicates	p. 173
Basic clause patterns with and without the copula	p. 174
Existential and possessive clauses	p. 180
Cross-linguistic patterns	p. 181
A note on "impersonal constructions"	p. 185
Further notes on the predicate complement (XCOMP) relation	p. 187
Conclusion	p. 189
Exercises	p. 190
Special sentence types	p. 196
Direct vs. indirect speech acts	p. 196
Basic word order	p. 197
Commands (imperative sentences)	p. 199
Questions (interrogative sentences)	p. 203
Negation	p. 211
Conclusion	p. 214
Practice exercise	p. 214
Exercises	p. 215
Subordinate clauses	p. 218
Coordinate vs. subordinate clauses	p. 218
Complement clauses	p. 220
Direct vs. indirect speech	p. 224
Adjunct (or Adverbial) clauses	p. 227
Relative clauses	p. 230
Conclusion	p. 240
Practice exercise	p. 241
Exercises	p. 241
Derivational morphology	p. 247
Stems, roots, and compounds	p. 248
Criteria for distinguishing inflection vs. derivation	p. 250
Examples of derivational processes	p. 253
Word structure revisited	p. 259
Conclusion	p. 265
Practice exercise	p. 265
Exercises	p. 266
Valence-changing morphology	p. 270
Meaning-preserving alternations	p. 271
Meaning-changing alternations	p. 277
Incorporation	p. 280
Conclusion	p. 282
Practice exercises	p. 283
Exercises	p. 284
Allomorphy	p. 288
Suppletion	p. 290
Morphophonemic changes	p. 292
Rules for suppletive allomorphy	p. 296
Inflectional classes	p. 297
Conclusion	p. 299
Practice exercises	p. 301
Exercises	p. 302
Non-linear morphology	p. 304
Non-linear sequencing of affixes	p. 305
Modifications of phonological features	p. 307
Copying, deleting, re-ordering, etc.	p. 309
Inflectional rules	p. 312
Conclusion	p. 313
Exercises	p. 314
Clitics	p. 316
What is a "word?"	p. 317
Types of clitics	p. 319
Clitic pronouns or agreement?	p. 325
Conclusion	p. 329
Practice exercise	p. 329
Exercises	p. 330
Swahili data for grammar sketch	p. 334
Glossary	p. 341
References	p. 352
Language index	p. 360
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

Analyzing Grammar

An Introduction

At a Glance

Hardcover

Shipping

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