| Preface and acknowledgments | p. xi |
| List of abbreviations | p. xiv |
| Grammatical form | p. 1 |
| Form, meaning, and use | p. 1 |
| Aspects of linguistic form | p. 2 |
| Grammar as a system of rules | p. 4 |
| Conclusion | p. 5 |
| Analyzing word structure | p. 7 |
| Identifying meaningful elements | p. 7 |
| Morphemes | p. 12 |
| Representing word structure | p. 14 |
| Analyzing position classes | p. 18 |
| A typology of word structure | p. 22 |
| Exercises | p. 24 |
| Constituent structure | p. 26 |
| Ambiguity | p. 26 |
| Constituency | p. 28 |
| Hierarchy | p. 32 |
| Syntactic categories | p. 33 |
| Tree diagrams: representing the constituents of a clause | p. 38 |
| Pronouns and proper names as phrasal categories | p. 44 |
| Conclusion | p. 46 |
| Practice exercises | p. 47 |
| Exercises | p. 47 |
| Semantic roles and Grammatical Relations | p. 51 |
| Simple sentences and propositions | p. 52 |
| Arguments and semantic roles | p. 53 |
| Grammatical Relations | p. 55 |
| Adjuncts vs. arguments | p. 58 |
| "Indirect objects" and secondary objects | p. 61 |
| Conclusion | p. 62 |
| Exercises | p. 63 |
| Lexical entries and well-formed clauses | p. 66 |
| Lexical entries | p. 66 |
| Argument structure and subcategorization | p. 67 |
| Properties of a well-formed clause | p. 72 |
| Uniqueness of oblique arguments | p. 79 |
| Zero-anaphora ("pro-drop") | p. 79 |
| Further notes on English Phrase Structure | p. 81 |
| Conclusion | p. 83 |
| Exercises | p. 83 |
| Noun Phrases | p. 87 |
| Complements and adjuncts of N | p. 87 |
| Determiners | p. 89 |
| Adjectives and Adjective Phrases (AP) | p. 90 |
| Possession and recursion | p. 92 |
| English NP structure (continued) | p. 97 |
| Conclusion | p. 98 |
| Practice exercise | p. 98 |
| Exercises | p. 98 |
| Case and agreement | p. 102 |
| Case | p. 102 |
| Agreement | p. 111 |
| Conclusion | p. 118 |
| Exercises | p. 119 |
| Noun classes and pronouns | p. 128 |
| Noun classes and gender | p. 128 |
| Pronouns | p. 135 |
| Exercises | p. 143 |
| Tense, Aspect, and Modality | p. 147 |
| Tense | p. 147 |
| Aspect | p. 152 |
| Perfect vs. perfective | p. 158 |
| Combinations of tense and aspect | p. 161 |
| Mood | p. 163 |
| Modality | p. 165 |
| Conclusion | p. 168 |
| Exercises | p. 169 |
| Non-verbal predicates | p. 173 |
| Basic clause patterns with and without the copula | p. 174 |
| Existential and possessive clauses | p. 180 |
| Cross-linguistic patterns | p. 181 |
| A note on "impersonal constructions" | p. 185 |
| Further notes on the predicate complement (XCOMP) relation | p. 187 |
| Conclusion | p. 189 |
| Exercises | p. 190 |
| Special sentence types | p. 196 |
| Direct vs. indirect speech acts | p. 196 |
| Basic word order | p. 197 |
| Commands (imperative sentences) | p. 199 |
| Questions (interrogative sentences) | p. 203 |
| Negation | p. 211 |
| Conclusion | p. 214 |
| Practice exercise | p. 214 |
| Exercises | p. 215 |
| Subordinate clauses | p. 218 |
| Coordinate vs. subordinate clauses | p. 218 |
| Complement clauses | p. 220 |
| Direct vs. indirect speech | p. 224 |
| Adjunct (or Adverbial) clauses | p. 227 |
| Relative clauses | p. 230 |
| Conclusion | p. 240 |
| Practice exercise | p. 241 |
| Exercises | p. 241 |
| Derivational morphology | p. 247 |
| Stems, roots, and compounds | p. 248 |
| Criteria for distinguishing inflection vs. derivation | p. 250 |
| Examples of derivational processes | p. 253 |
| Word structure revisited | p. 259 |
| Conclusion | p. 265 |
| Practice exercise | p. 265 |
| Exercises | p. 266 |
| Valence-changing morphology | p. 270 |
| Meaning-preserving alternations | p. 271 |
| Meaning-changing alternations | p. 277 |
| Incorporation | p. 280 |
| Conclusion | p. 282 |
| Practice exercises | p. 283 |
| Exercises | p. 284 |
| Allomorphy | p. 288 |
| Suppletion | p. 290 |
| Morphophonemic changes | p. 292 |
| Rules for suppletive allomorphy | p. 296 |
| Inflectional classes | p. 297 |
| Conclusion | p. 299 |
| Practice exercises | p. 301 |
| Exercises | p. 302 |
| Non-linear morphology | p. 304 |
| Non-linear sequencing of affixes | p. 305 |
| Modifications of phonological features | p. 307 |
| Copying, deleting, re-ordering, etc. | p. 309 |
| Inflectional rules | p. 312 |
| Conclusion | p. 313 |
| Exercises | p. 314 |
| Clitics | p. 316 |
| What is a "word?" | p. 317 |
| Types of clitics | p. 319 |
| Clitic pronouns or agreement? | p. 325 |
| Conclusion | p. 329 |
| Practice exercise | p. 329 |
| Exercises | p. 330 |
| Swahili data for grammar sketch | p. 334 |
| Glossary | p. 341 |
| References | p. 352 |
| Language index | p. 360 |
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