About This Series v
Call for Participation vii
Preface xvii
About the Editors xix
Contributors xxi
Introduction xxiii
Part I Implementation of Process Analyzer Systems 1
Chapter 1 Typical Process Analyzer Application Justifications 3
Chapter 2 Interfacing with Process Analyzer Systems 33
Chapter 3 Process Sample Conditioning Systems 59
Chapter 4 Principles of Process Analyzer Calibration 103
Chapter 5 SPC/SQC for Process Analyzer Systems 115
Chapter 6 Validation of Process Analyzers 161
Chapter 7 Specification and Purchase of Process Analyzer Systems 171
Chapter 8 Process Analyzer System Training Considerations 183
Chapter 9 Process Analyzer System Maintenance: Personnel and Organizational Issues 181
Part II Process Analyzer Application Fundamentals 217
Physical Property Process Analyzer Systems 219
Chapter 10 Boiling Point Analyzers 221
Chapter 11 Cloud Point and Pour Point Analyzers 241
Chapter 12 Flash Point Analyzers 251
Chapter 13 Freeze Point Analyzers 263
Chapter 14 Refractive Index Analyzers 269
Chapter 15 Thermal Conductivity Analyzers 283
Chapter 16 Combustible Gas Analyzers 291
Chapter 17 Viscosity Analyzers (Non-ASTM) 309
Chapter 18 Moisture/Dew Point Analyzers 325
Chapter 19 Hydrogen Sulfide Analyzers 343
Chapter 20 Total Sulfur Analyzers 359
Chapter 21 Octane and Cetane Analyzers 367
Chapter 22 Vapor Pressure Analyzers 387
Chapter 23 Vapor-to-Liquid Ratio (V/L) Analyzers 401
Electrochemical Process Analyzer Systems 407
Chapter 24 Conductivity Analyzers 409
Chapter 25 PH Analyzers 431
Chapter 26 ORP (REDOX) Analyzers 457
Chapter 27 Trace Oxygen Analyzers 483
Spectrophotometric Process Analyzer Systems 495
Chapter 28 Infrared (IR and NDIR) Absorption Analyzers 497
Chapter 29 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Analyzers 513
Chapter 30 Near Infrared (NIR) Analyzers 531
Chapter 31 Ultraviolet/Visible (UV/VIS) Absorption Analyzers 565
Chapter 32 Chemiluminescence (CHEMIL) Analyzers 593
Compositional Process Analyzer Systems 617
Chapter 33 Gas Chromatographic (GC) Analyzers 619
Chapter 34 Liquid Chromatographic (LC) Analyzers 645
Chapter 35 Distillation (% OFF) Analyzers 673
Chapter 36 Mass Spectrometric (MASS SPEC) Analyzers 579
Appendix 1 ROI - An Economic Evaluation 701
Appendix 2 Computer Simulation of Control Charts 705
Appendix 3 Linear Regression and Least Squares 709
Appendix 4 Discrimination 717
Index 719