
At a Glance
234 Pages
22+
23.4 x 15.6 x 1.3
Paperback
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Describing a new and appealing way of analysing speech sounds, this book introduces you to the theory of elements in phonology. Traditional features are capable of describing segments and segmental patterns, but they are often unable to explain why those patterns are the way they are. By using elements to represent segmental structure, we begin to understand why languages show such a strong preference for certain kinds of segments, contrasts, phonological processes and sound changes. Using examples from a wide range of languages, this book demonstrates the process of analysing phonological data using elements, and gives readers the opportunity to compare element-based and feature-based accounts of the same phonological patterns. Backley also challenges traditional views through his innovative analysis of English weak vowels and diphthongs and hsi unified treatment of linking r and intrusive r as glide formation processes. Providing a thorough introduction to the main topics in segmental phonology, this is an excellent overview for both students with a background in standard phonology as well as for those who are new to the field.Key Features* Provides a full and up-to-date description of Element Theory * Includes examples from many languages and various dialects of English * Further reading suggested for each topic * Contains over 100 illustrations, including spectral and spectrographic figures
Industry Reviews
| List of Figures | p. viii |
| List of Tables | p. x |
| Preface | p. xi |
| A Theory of Elements | p. 1 |
| Segments Have Internal Structure | p. 1 |
| Articulation and Perception | p. 2 |
| The Speech Signal | p. 5 |
| Monovalency | p. 7 |
| Elements and the Grammar | p. 11 |
| Summary | p. 14 |
| Further Reading | p. 15 |
| References | p. 15 |
| Elements for Vowels | p. 17 |
| Introduction | p. 17 |
| What Makes IUA Special? | p. 18 |
| Simplex Expressions | p. 22 |
| Element Compounds | p. 24 |
| Phonetic Evidence for Element Compounds | p. 24 |
| Phonological Evidence for Element Compounds | p. 26 |
| Central Vowels | p. 31 |
| Phonetic Evidence for Empty Vowels | p. 31 |
| Phonological Evidence for Empty Vowels | p. 34 |
| Front Rounded Vowels | p. 38 |
| Element Dependency | p. 40 |
| Vowels in English | p. 43 |
| Introduction | p. 43 |
| Short Vowels | p. 43 |
| Long Vowels | p. 46 |
| Weak Vowels | p. 50 |
| Diphthongs | p. 54 |
| Summary | p. 59 |
| Further Reading | p. 59 |
| References | p. 60 |
| Place Elements in Consonants | p. 62 |
| Consonant-Vowel Unity | p. 62 |
| Shared Features | p. 62 |
| Shared Elements | p. 64 |
| Glides | p. 65 |
| Phonetic Properties | p. 65 |
| Vowel/Glide Alternations | p. 66 |
| Glide Formation in English | p. 68 |
| IUAI as Place Elements | p. 69 |
| The ITI Elements | p. 71 |
| Palatals | p. 71 |
| Coronals with ITI | p. 72 |
| The IUI Elements | p. 77 |
| Labials | p. 77 |
| Velars | p. 79 |
| The IAI Elements | p. 84 |
| Gutturals | p. 84 |
| Coronals with IAI | p. 87 |
| Retroflexes | p. 91 |
| Summary | p. 96 |
| Complex Resonance | p. 98 |
| Labiodentals | p. 98 |
| Uvulars | p. 98 |
| Palatovelars | p. 101 |
| Palatals Again | p. 105 |
| A Note on Affricates | p. 108 |
| Further on Affricates | p. 110 |
| References | p. 111 |
| Manner Elements in Consonants | p. 114 |
| Introduction | p. 114 |
| The I?I Elements | p. 115 |
| Stops | p. 115 |
| Ejectives | p. 118 |
| Implosives | p. 120 |
| Laryngealised Vowels | p. 122 |
| The IHI Element | p. 124 |
| Frication | p. 124 |
| Consonant Weakening | p. 126 |
| Voicelessness | p. 134 |
| High Tone | p. 143 |
| The ILI Element | p. 145 |
| Nasality | p. 145 |
| Obstruent Voicing | p. 151 |
| Low Tone | p. 157 |
| Combining the Manner Elements | p. 159 |
| Further Reading | p. 162 |
| References | p. 162 |
| Liquids, Licensing and Antagonistic Elements | p. 165 |
| Liquids | p. 165 |
| Liquids as a Natural Class | p. 165 |
| Rhotics | p. 168 |
| Linking and Intrusive r in English | p. 172 |
| Laterals | p. 175 |
| Summary | p. 183 |
| Elements and Prosodic Structure | p. 184 |
| Introduction | p. 184 |
| The Syllable Domain | p. 185 |
| The Foot Domain | p. 186 |
| The Word Domain | p. 188 |
| Summary | p. 193 |
| Relations between Elements | p. 194 |
| Antagonistic Pairs | p. 194 |
| Resonance: IAI versus l?l | p. 195 |
| Frequency: ILI versus IHI | p. 197 |
| Colour: IUI versus III | p. 198 |
| Dark versus Light | p. 200 |
| Further Reading | p. 203 |
| References | p. 204 |
| Language index | p. 207 |
| Subject Index | p. 209 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
ISBN: 9780748637430
ISBN-10: 0748637435
Published: 7th July 2011
Format: Paperback
Language: English
Number of Pages: 234
Audience: Professional and Scholarly
For Ages: 22+ years old
Publisher: Edinburgh University Press
Country of Publication: GB
Dimensions (cm): 23.4 x 15.6 x 1.3
Weight (kg): 0.34
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