
Air Pollution Control Engineering
By: Lawrence K. Wang (Editor), Norman C. Pereira (Editor), Yung-Tse Hung (Editor)
Hardcover | 2 July 2004 | Edition Number 2
At a Glance
524 Pages
Revised
25.4 x 18.42 x 3.81
Hardcover
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| Preface | p. v |
| Contributors | p. xi |
| Air Quality and Pollution Control | p. 1 |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Characteristics of Air Pollutants | p. 3 |
| Standards | p. 6 |
| Ambient Air Quality Standards | p. 6 |
| Emission Standards | p. 8 |
| Sources | p. 10 |
| Effects | p. 10 |
| Measurements | p. 13 |
| Ambient Sampling | p. 14 |
| Source Sampling | p. 17 |
| Sample Locations | p. 18 |
| Gas Flow Rates | p. 19 |
| Relative Humidity | p. 22 |
| Sample Train | p. 24 |
| Determination of Size Distribution | p. 27 |
| Gas Stream Calculations | p. 28 |
| General | p. 28 |
| Emission Stream Flow Rate and Temperature Calculations | p. 29 |
| Moisture Content, Dew Point Content, and Sulfur Trioxide Calculations | p. 30 |
| Particulate Matter Loading | p. 32 |
| Heat Content Calculations | p. 33 |
| Dilution Air Calculations | p. 33 |
| Gas Stream Conditioning | p. 35 |
| General | p. 35 |
| Mechanical Collectors | p. 35 |
| Gas Coolers | p. 36 |
| Gas Preheaters | p. 36 |
| Air Quality Management | p. 37 |
| Recent Focus | p. 37 |
| Ozone | p. 38 |
| Air Toxics | p. 42 |
| Greenhouse Gases Reduction and Industrial Ecology Approach | p. 43 |
| Environmental Laws | p. 45 |
| Control | p. 50 |
| Conclusions | p. 52 |
| Examples | p. 52 |
| Example 1 | p. 52 |
| Example 2 | p. 53 |
| Nomenclature | p. 53 |
| References | p. 55 |
| Fabric Filtration | p. 59 |
| Introduction | p. 59 |
| Principle and Theory | p. 60 |
| Application | p. 64 |
| General | p. 64 |
| Gas Cleaning | p. 64 |
| Efficiency | p. 66 |
| Engineering Design | p. 68 |
| Pretreatment of an Emission Stream | p. 68 |
| Air-to-Cloth Ratio | p. 68 |
| Fabric Cleaning Design | p. 71 |
| Baghouse Configuration | p. 73 |
| Construction Materials | p. 73 |
| Design Range of Effectiveness | p. 74 |
| Operation | p. 74 |
| General Considerations | p. 74 |
| Collection Efficiency | p. 74 |
| System Pressure Drop | p. 75 |
| Power Requirements | p. 75 |
| Filter Bag Replacement | p. 76 |
| Management | p. 76 |
| Evaluation of Permit Application | p. 76 |
| Economics | p. 77 |
| New Technology Awareness | p. 79 |
| Design Examples and Questions | p. 80 |
| Nomenclature | p. 92 |
| References | p. 93 |
| HAP Emission Stream Data Form | p. 95 |
| Metric Conversions | p. 95 |
| Cyclones | p. 97 |
| Introduction | p. 97 |
| Cyclones for Industrial Applications | p. 98 |
| General Description | p. 98 |
| Correlations for Cyclone Efficiency | p. 101 |
| Correlations for Cyclone Pressure Drop | p. 105 |
| Other Relations of Interest | p. 106 |
| Application Examples | p. 107 |
| Costs of Cyclone and Auxiliary Equipment | p. 118 |
| Cyclone Purchase Cost | p. 118 |
| Fan Purchase Cost | p. 119 |
| Ductwork Purchase Cost | p. 120 |
| Stack Purchase Cost | p. 120 |
| Damper Purchase Cost | p. 121 |
| Calculation of Present and Future Costs | p. 121 |
| Cost Estimation Examples | p. 122 |
| Cyclones for Airborne Particulate Sampling | p. 125 |
| Particulate Matter in the Atmosphere | p. 125 |
| General Correlation for Four Commercial Cyclones | p. 127 |
| A Semiempirical Approach | p. 128 |
| The "Cyclone Family" Approach | p. 135 |
| PM[subscript 2.5] Samplers | p. 136 |
| Examples | p. 140 |
| Nomenclature | p. 147 |
| References | p. 150 |
| Electrostatic Precipitation | p. 153 |
| Introduction | p. 153 |
| Principles of Operation | p. 154 |
| Corona Discharge | p. 157 |
| Electrical Field Characteristics | p. 158 |
| Particle Charging | p. 162 |
| Particle Collection | p. 165 |
| Design Methodology and Considerations | p. 171 |
| Precipitator Size | p. 173 |
| Particulate Resistivity | p. 176 |
| Internal Configuration | p. 179 |
| Electrode Systems | p. 181 |
| Power Requirements | p. 181 |
| Gas Flow Systems | p. 184 |
| Precipitator Housing | p. 184 |
| Flue Gas Conditioning | p. 185 |
| Removal of Collected Particles | p. 185 |
| Instrumentation | p. 187 |
| Applications | p. 187 |
| Electric Power Industry | p. 187 |
| Pulp and Paper Industry | p. 188 |
| Metallurgical Industry | p. 188 |
| Cement Industry | p. 188 |
| Chemical Industry | p. 188 |
| Municipal Solid-Waste Incinerators | p. 189 |
| Petroleum Industry | p. 189 |
| Others | p. 189 |
| Problems and Corrections | p. 189 |
| Fundamental Problems | p. 189 |
| Mechanical Problems | p. 192 |
| Operational Problems | p. 192 |
| Chemical Problems | p. 192 |
| Expected Future Developments | p. 193 |
| Nomenclature | p. 193 |
| References | p. 195 |
| Wet and Dry Scrubbing | p. 197 |
| Introduction | p. 197 |
| General Process Descriptions | p. 197 |
| Wet Scrubbing or Wet Absorption | p. 198 |
| Dry Scrubbing or Dry Absorption | p. 199 |
| Wet Scrubbers | p. 199 |
| Wet Absorbents or Solvents | p. 199 |
| Wet Scrubbing Systems | p. 200 |
| Wet Scrubber Applications | p. 203 |
| Packed Tower (Wet Scrubber) Design | p. 204 |
| Venturi Wet Scrubber Design | p. 215 |
| Dry Scrubbers | p. 222 |
| Dry Absorbents | p. 222 |
| Dry Scrubbing Systems | p. 222 |
| Dry Scrubbing Applications | p. 225 |
| Dry Scrubber Design | p. 226 |
| Practical Examples | p. 227 |
| Nomenclature | p. 296 |
| References | p. 298 |
| Listing of Compounds Currently Considered Hazardous | p. 302 |
| Condensation | p. 307 |
| Introduction | p. 307 |
| Process Description | p. 307 |
| Types of Condensing Systems | p. 308 |
| Range of Effectiveness | p. 309 |
| Pretreatment, Posttreatment, and Engineering Considerations | p. 309 |
| Pretreatment of Emission Stream | p. 309 |
| Prevention of VOC Emission from Condensers | p. 311 |
| Proper Maintenance | p. 311 |
| Condenser System Design Variables | p. 311 |
| Engineering Design | p. 311 |
| General Design Information | p. 311 |
| Estimating Condensation Temperature | p. 312 |
| Condenser Heat Load | p. 313 |
| Condenser Size | p. 314 |
| Coolant Selection and Coolant Flow Rate | p. 315 |
| Refrigeration Capacity | p. 316 |
| Recovered Product | p. 316 |
| Management | p. 316 |
| Permit Review and Application | p. 316 |
| Capital and Annual Costs of Condensers | p. 316 |
| Environmental Applications | p. 320 |
| Design Examples | p. 321 |
| Nomenclature | p. 326 |
| References | p. 327 |
| Average Specific Heats of Vapors | p. 328 |
| Flare Process | p. 329 |
| Introduction | p. 329 |
| Pretreatment and Engineering Considerations | p. 331 |
| Supplementary Fuel Requirements | p. 331 |
| Flare Gas Flow Rate and Heat Content | p. 331 |
| Flare Gas Exit Velocity and Destruction Efficiency | p. 333 |
| Steam Requirements | p. 334 |
| Engineering Design | p. 334 |
| Design of the Flame Angle | p. 334 |
| Design of Flare Height | p. 334 |
| Power Requirements of a Fan | p. 334 |
| Management | p. 335 |
| Data Required for Permit Application | p. 335 |
| Evaluation of Permit Application | p. 335 |
| Cost Estimation | p. 336 |
| Design Examples | p. 340 |
| Nomenclature | p. 343 |
| References | p. 344 |
| Thermal Oxidation | p. 347 |
| Introduction | p. 347 |
| Process Description | p. 347 |
| Range of Effectiveness | p. 349 |
| Applicability to Remediation Technologies | p. 349 |
| Pretreatment and Engineering Considerations | p. 351 |
| Air Dilution | p. 351 |
| Design Variables | p. 352 |
| Supplementary Fuel Requirements | p. 355 |
| Engineering Design and Operation | p. 356 |
| Flue Gas Flow Rate | p. 356 |
| Combustion Chamber Volume | p. 356 |
| System Pressure Drop | p. 356 |
| Management | p. 357 |
| Evaluation of Permit Application | p. 357 |
| Operations and Manpower Requirements | p. 358 |
| Decision for Rebuilding, Purchasing New or Used Incinerators | p. 360 |
| Environmental Liabilities | p. 360 |
| Design Examples | p. 360 |
| Nomenclature | p. 365 |
| References | p. 366 |
| Catalytic Oxidation | p. 369 |
| Introduction | p. 369 |
| Process Description | p. 369 |
| Range of Effectiveness | p. 372 |
| Applicability to Remediation Technologies | p. 375 |
| Pretreatment and Engineering Considerations | p. 375 |
| Air Dilution Requirements | p. 375 |
| Design Variables | p. 376 |
| Supplementary Fuel Requirements | p. 379 |
| Engineering Design and Operation | p. 382 |
| Flue Gas Flow Rates | p. 382 |
| Catalyst Bed Requirement | p. 382 |
| System Pressure Drop | p. 383 |
| Management | p. 384 |
| Evaluation of Permit Application | p. 384 |
| Operation and Manpower Requirements | p. 384 |
| Decision for Rebuilding, Purchasing New or Used Incinerators | p. 385 |
| Environmental Liabilities abd Risk-Based Corrective Action | p. 385 |
| Design Examples | p. 386 |
| Nomenclature | p. 392 |
| References | p. 393 |
| Gas-Phase Activated Carbon Adsorption | p. 395 |
| Introduction and Definitions | p. 395 |
| Adsorption | p. 395 |
| Adsorbents | p. 396 |
| Carbon Adsorption and Desorption | p. 396 |
| Adsorption Theory | p. 397 |
| Carbon Adsorption Pretreament | p. 399 |
| Cooling | p. 399 |
| Dehumidification | p. 400 |
| High VOC Reduction | p. 400 |
| Design and Operation | p. 400 |
| Design Data Gathering | p. 400 |
| Type of Carbon Adsorption Systems | p. 402 |
| Design of Fixed Regenerative Bed Carbon Adsorption Systems | p. 402 |
| Design of Canister Carbon Adsorption Systems | p. 405 |
| Calculation of Pressure Drops | p. 406 |
| Summary of Application | p. 406 |
| Regeneration and Air Pollution Control of Carbon Adsorption System | p. 409 |
| Granular Activated Carbon Versus Activated Carbon Fiber | p. 410 |
| Carbon Suppliers, Equipment Suppliers, and Service Providers | p. 411 |
| Design Examples | p. 411 |
| Nomenclature | p. 418 |
| Reference | p. 419 |
| Gas-Phase Biofiltration | p. 421 |
| Introduction | p. 421 |
| Types of Biological Air Treatment System | p. 422 |
| General Descriptions | p. 422 |
| Novel or Emerging Designs | p. 424 |
| Operational Considerations | p. 426 |
| General Operational Considerations | p. 426 |
| Biofilter Media | p. 428 |
| Microbiological Considerations | p. 430 |
| Chemical Considerations | p. 431 |
| Comparison to Competing Technologies | p. 433 |
| Design Considerations/Parameters | p. 433 |
| Predesign | p. 433 |
| Packing | p. 435 |
| Case Studies | p. 435 |
| High-Concentration 2-Propanol and Acetone | p. 435 |
| General Odor Control at a Municipal Wastewater-Treatment Facility | p. 436 |
| Process Control and Monitoring | p. 440 |
| Limitations of the Technology | p. 440 |
| Conclusions | p. 441 |
| Nomenclature | p. 443 |
| References | p. 444 |
| Emerging Air Pollution Control Technologies | p. 445 |
| Introduction | p. 445 |
| Process Modification | p. 446 |
| Vehicle Air Pollution and Its Control | p. 446 |
| Background | p. 446 |
| Standards | p. 447 |
| Sources of Loss | p. 447 |
| Control Technologies and Alternate Power Plants | p. 448 |
| Mechanical Particulate Collectors | p. 453 |
| General | p. 453 |
| Gravitational Collectors | p. 454 |
| Other Methods | p. 455 |
| Use of Chemicals | p. 465 |
| Simultaneous Particle-Gas Removal Interactions | p. 465 |
| Entrainment Separation | p. 466 |
| Internal Combustion Engines | p. 467 |
| Process Description | p. 467 |
| Applications to Air Emission Control | p. 469 |
| Membrane Process | p. 471 |
| Process Description | p. 471 |
| Application to Air Emission Control | p. 474 |
| Ultraviolet Photolysis | p. 475 |
| Process Description | p. 475 |
| Application to Air Emission Control | p. 476 |
| High-Efficiency Particulate Air Filters | p. 477 |
| Process Description | p. 477 |
| Application to Air Emission Control | p. 479 |
| Technical and Economical Feasibility of Selected Emerging Technologies for Air Pollution Control | p. 480 |
| General Discussion | p. 480 |
| Evaluation of ICEs, Membrane Process, UV Process, and High-Efficiency Particulate Air Filters | p. 480 |
| Evaluation of Fuel-Cell-Powered Vehicles for Air Emission Reduction | p. 481 |
| Nomenclature | p. 489 |
| References | p. 491 |
| Index | p. 495 |
| Table of Contents provided by Rittenhouse. All Rights Reserved. |
ISBN: 9781588291615
ISBN-10: 1588291618
Series: Handbook of Environmental Engineering (2004), V. 1.
Published: 2nd July 2004
Format: Hardcover
Language: English
Number of Pages: 524
Audience: Professional and Scholarly
Publisher: Springer Nature B.V.
Country of Publication: US
Edition Number: 2
Edition Type: Revised
Dimensions (cm): 25.4 x 18.42 x 3.81
Weight (kg): 1.07
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