Preface xi
List of Contributors xv
1 Heterogeneous Integration at Scale 1
Subramanian S. Iyer and Boris Vaisband
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Technology Aspects of Heterogeneous Integration 4
1.3 Design and Architecture of Heterogeneous Integration Platforms 9
1.4 Reliability of Heterogeneous Integration Systems 14
1.5 Application Space of Heterogeneous Integration 17
1.6 Future of Heterogeneous Integration 18
1.7 Summary 20
2 Hyperdimensional Computing: An Algebra for Computing with Vectors 25
Pentti Kanerva
2.1 Introduction 25
2.2 Overview: Three Examples 26
2.3 Operations on Vectors 28
2.4 Data Structures 30
2.5 Vector Sums Encode Probabilities 32
2.6 Decoding a Product 33
2.7 High-Dimensional Vectors at Large 34
2.8 Memory for High-Dimensional Vectors 35
2.9 Outline of Systems for Autonomous Learning 36
2.10 Energy-Efficiency 37
2.11 Discussion and Future Directions 37
3 CAD for Analog/Mixed-Signal Integrated Circuits 43
Ahmet F. Budak, David Z. Pan, Hao Chen, Keren Zhu, Mingjie Liu, Mohamed B. Alawieh, Shuhan Zhang, Wei Shi, and Xiyuan Tang
3.1 Introduction 43
3.2 Front-End CAD 45
3.3 Layout Automation 48
3.4 Post-Layout Extraction and Verification 52
3.5 Conclusion 53
4 Magnetoelectric Transistor Devices and Circuits with Steering Logic 61
Andrew Marshall and Peter A. Dowben
4.1 Introduction 61
4.2 Simple Logic Functions with the MEFET "Steering Logic" 62
4.3 Logic Functions â" Majority Gate 64
4.4 The Full Adder and the Dual XOR (Sum) Gates 67
4.5 Latch and Memory 70
4.6 The JK Masterâ"Slave Flip-Flop 72
4.7 Conclusion 75
5 Nonvolatile Memory Based Architectures Using Magnetoelectric FETs 79
Shaahin Angizi, Deliang Fan, Andrew Marshall, and Peter A. Dowben
5.1 Introduction 79
5.2 Magnetoelectric Field Effect Transistor (MEFET) 79
5.3 1T-1M Memory Design Based on the MEFET 81
5.4 2T-1M Memory Design Based on the MEFET 84
5.5 MEFET Steering Memory 87
5.6 Evaluation 90
5.7 Conclusion 91
6 Organic Electronics 93
Hagen Klauk
6.1 Introduction 93
6.2 Organic Light-Emitting Diodes 94
6.3 Organic Solar Cells 96
6.4 Organic Thin-Film Transistors 97
6.5 Outlook 101
7 Active-Matrix Electroluminescent Displays 109
Xiaojun Guo, Li'ang Deng, and Arokia Nathan
7.1 Introduction 109
7.2 Light-Emitting Diodes for Displays 110
7.3 TFT Backplanes 115
7.4 Driving Schemes and Pixel Circuits 116
7.5 Conclusion 124
8 Organic and Macromolecular Memory â" Nanocomposite Bistable Memory Devices 133
Shashi Paul
8.1 Introduction 133
8.2 Organic Memory and Its Evolution 137
8.3 Summary 146
9 Next Generation of High-Performance Printed Flexible Electronics 153
Abhishek S. Dahiya, Yogeenth Kumaresan, and Ravinder Dahiya
9.1 Introduction 153
9.2 Printing Technologies 155
9.3 High-Performance Printed Devices and Circuits Using Nano-to-Chip Scale Structures 158
9.4 Challenges and Future Directions 168
9.5 Summary 171
10 Hybrid Systems-in-Foil 183
Mourad Elsobky
10.1 Introduction 183
10.2 Emerging Applications 185
10.3 Integration Technologies 191
10.4 State-of-the-Art Components 196
10.5 HySiF Testing 202
10.6 Conclusion and Future Directions 204
11 Optical Detectors 211
Lis Nanver and Tihomir Kneevi´c
11.1 Introduction 211
11.2 Si Photodiodes Designed in CMOS 213
11.3 Ultraviolet Photodetectors 217
11.4 Infrared Optical Detectors 219
11.5 Emerging Devices 225
11.6 Concluding Remarks 226
12 Environmental Sensing 231
Tarek Zaki
12.1 Motivation 231
12.2 Particulate Matter (PM) Sensing 238
13 Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) 255
homas Laska
13.1 Introduction 255
13.2 State-of-the-Art IGBT Technology 257
13.3 Future Prospect of IGBT 261
13.4 Outlook 268
14 IIIâ"V and Wide Bandgap 273
Mohammed Alomari
14.1 Introduction 273
14.2 Diamond Power Devices 276
14.3 SiC Power Devices 277
14.4 GaN Power Devices 279
14.5 Wide Bandgaps for High-Temperature Applications 285
14.6 Conclusion 286
15 SiC MOSFETs 295
Peter Friedrichs
15.1 Introduction to Silicon Carbide for Power Semiconductors 295
15.2 SiC Schottky Barrier Diodes 295
15.3 SiC Transistors 298
15.4 SiC Power MOSFETs 299
15.5 SiC MOSFETs in Power Applications â" Selected Aspects and Prospects 316
16 Multiphase VRM and Power Stage Evolution 321
Danny Clavette
16.1 Evolution of the First Multiphase Controllers 321
16.2 Transition from VRMs to "Down" Solutions 324
16.3 Intel Xeon Generations Challenges Moore's Law 326
16.4 Increased System Digitization Enables Digital Control 327
16.5 DrMOS 1.0: Driver + MOSFETs 328
16.6 DrMOS 4.0 and International Rectifier's Power Stage Alternative 330
16.7 International Rectifier's "Smart" Power Stage 334
16.8 DrMOS 5 - 5 mm and 4 - 4 mm De-standardization 335
16.9 5 - 6 mm Smart Power Stage: Industry Driven Standardization 336
16.10 Latest SPS Activities 337
16.11 Trending Back to VRMs 338
16.12 Summary 339
References 340
Abbreviations 341
Index 343
