Advances in Industrial Control

By: John C. Eidson

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Hardcover | 9 March 2006

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304 Pages

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22.86 x 15.88 x 1.91

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A common sense of time among all the elements of a distributed measurement and control system allows the use of new techniques for the solution of problems with complex synchronization requirements or arising from the interaction of many sensors and actuators. Such a common sense of time may be accomplished using IEEE Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems (IEEE 1588-2002) to synchronize real-time clocks incorporated within each component of the system.

IEEE 1588, published in November 2002, is a technology new to the engineering community expanding the performance capabilities of Ethernet networks so that they become relevant for measurement and control; this monograph embodies the first unified treatment of the associated technology, standards and applications. Readers unfamiliar with IEEE 1588 will gain understanding of the context of the technology it represents and, from three chapters of case studies, its role in a variety of application settings.

To engineers implementing synchronization within their systems Measurement, Control, and Communication Using IEEE 1588 provides detailed discussion of the complex features of the standard. Together with the essential material on best practice and critical implementation issues, these provide invaluable assistance in the design of new applications.

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You Can Find This Book In

Non-Fiction Engineering & Technology Electronics & Communications Engineering Electronics Engineering Automatic Control Engineering Computing & I.T.Computer Science Computer Architecture & Logic Design Technology in General Engineering in General Communications Engineering & Telecommunications Computer Hardware

Network Hardware Technical Design Energy Technology & Engineering Electrical Engineering

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Published: 19th October 2010

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Background
Introduction to Time-based Measurement, Control, and Communication	p. 3
Temporal Specifications in Systems Based on Modern Computer Technology	p. 4
The State of the Art in Implementing Real-time Systems	p. 4
IEEE 1588	p. 7
The Evolution of Clocks and Clock Synchronization	p. 9
The Influence of Time and Its Measurement on Our Lives	p. 9
The Measurement of Time and Time Intervals	p. 10
Clocks Through the Ages	p. 10
Characterization of Oscillators	p. 12
Properties of Modern Oscillators	p. 19
Time Scales and Calendars	p. 25
Synchronization Protocols	p. 29
Early Synchronization and Distribution Protocols	p. 30
IRIG-B	p. 30
Loran-C	p. 31
NTP	p. 31
GPS	p. 32
IEEE 1588	p. 32
An Overview of Clock Synchronization Using IEEE 1588	p. 35
The History of the Development and the Objectives of IEEE 1588	p. 36
Overview of the Standard	p. 38
Fundamental Operation of the Protocol	p. 39
System Boundaries and Communications	p. 40
Master-slave Synchronization Hierarchy	p. 42
Startup and Reconfiguration	p. 47
Synchronization Overview	p. 50
System Management Overview	p. 58
IEEE 1588
A Detailed Analysis of IEEE 1588	p. 61
System Boundaries and Communications	p. 62
Master-slave Synchronization Hierarchy	p. 64
States in the Master-slave Hierarchy	p. 64
The PTP State Machine	p. 66
The State Decision Algorithm and Data Set Updates	p. 73
Data Set Comparison Algorithm	p. 84
Clock Characterization	p. 103
Startup and Reconfiguration	p. 110
Powerup and Initialization	p. 111
Changes in Clock Characteristics or Default Data Sets	p. 112
Changes in the Underlying Network Topology	p. 113
Fault Management	p. 113
Synchronization	p. 114
The One and Two Message Synchronization Models	p. 115
Message Timestamp Point and Internal Latency	p. 120
Slave Clock Synchronization	p. 121
Burst Mode Operation	p. 123
External Timing Signals	p. 124
System Management	p. 124
Clock and Topology Discovery	p. 125
Clock Initialization	p. 125
Data Set Configuration and Visibility	p. 126
Management Message Communications	p. 126
Application Support	p. 128
Performance Monitoring Features	p. 128
Time Scale Support Features	p. 128
Likely Extensions to IEEE 1588	p. 129
Practical Issues in Implementing IEEE 1588	p. 133
Clock and Boundary Clock Design	p. 133
The Hardware Clock, Oscillator, and Clock Adjustment Blocks	p. 134
The Packet Recognition, Identification, and Timestamp Capture Blocks	p. 139
Boundary Clock Design	p. 143
IEEE 1588 Code	p. 145
Clock Servo Design	p. 146
Model of the Slave Servo	p. 146
Determining the Stability of the Slave Servo	p. 150
Summary of Servo Design Issues	p. 164
Oscillator Selection and Environmental Issues	p. 164
IEEE 1588 in Non-UDP/IP Ethernet Systems	p. 168
DeviceNet	p. 168
Wireless Networks	p. 168
Non-UDP/IP Ethernet	p. 169
Synchronizing to UTC Sources	p. 170
Applying IEEE 1588
System Architecture Based on Synchronized Clocks	p. 177
Partitioning in IEEE 1588 Systems	p. 177
Application Partitioning	p. 178
Execution Partitioning	p. 180
The Boundary Between Soft and Hard Real-time Execution	p. 184
Module Design Supporting Time-based Partitioning	p. 188
Network Design for IEEE 1588 Systems	p. 191
Case Studies in Industrial Automation and Power	p. 193
The Monitoring and Control of Large Turbines	p. 194
Power System Monitoring and Control	p. 200
Boundary Clocks for Industrial Applications	p. 204
Robotics	p. 206
Motion Control and General Plant Automation	p. 213
Case Studies in Instrumentation Systems	p. 217
The LXI Specification	p. 220
LXI Device Synchronization and LAN-based Triggering	p. 220
Module-to-module Data Communication	p. 222
LXI Module Design and System Programming Practices	p. 222
LXI System Debugging	p. 233
Data Acquisition Applications Using LXI	p. 234
General Applications Using LXI	p. 237
Characteristics of Future LXI-based Test Systems	p. 237
Integration of LXI-based Test Equipment with VXI and PXI Equipment	p. 238
Examples of Future LXI-based Test Systems	p. 239
Case Studies in Communications	p. 243
Background on the Application of IEEE 1588 in Telecommunications Systems	p. 243
Proposed Telecommunications Applications Using IEEE 1588	p. 245
Wireless Networks	p. 246
Linking SONET Rings via Ethernet	p. 248
Timing in Cable TV Infrastructure	p. 249
Timing Distribution in Central Offices	p. 250
Circuit Emulation	p. 251
Internal Timing in Telecommunications Equipment	p. 252
Proposed Techniques to Enable IEEE 1588 in Telecommunications	p. 252
Asymmetry	p. 252
Latency Fluctuations	p. 253
IEEE 1588 Timing Redundancy	p. 254
Early Measurements of IEEE 1588 Operating on Metropolitan Networks	p. 255
The Future of IEEE 1588 and Time-based Applications	p. 261
Specific Concerns and Likely Outcomes	p. 261
What Will the Future Bring?	p. 263
Final Thoughts	p. 263
Appendices
Field Definitions for IEEE 1588 Messages	p. 267
Message Fields Common to All PTP Messages	p. 267
Sync and Delay_Req Message Fields	p. 268
Follow_Up Message Fields	p. 268
Delay_Resp Message Fields	p. 269
Management Message Fields	p. 269
IEEE 1588 Data Sets	p. 271
Default Data Set	p. 271
Current Data Set	p. 271
Parent Data Set	p. 271
Global Time Properties Data Set	p. 272
Port Configuration Properties Data Set	p. 272
Foreign Master Data Set	p. 274
References	p. 275
Index	p. 281
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

Advances in Industrial Control

At a Glance

Hardcover

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