Preface xv
1 Characterization of Phase Transition Points for Topological Gapped Systems 1
Linhu Li and Shu Chen
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 General Definition of Topological Invariant of Phase Transition Points 3
1.3 Phase Transition Points of One-Dimensional Systems 9
1.4 Phase Transition Points of Two-Dimensional Systems 26
1.5 An Example of 3D Topological Insulators 36
2 Topological Insulator Materials for Advanced Optoelectronic Devices 45
Zengji Yue, Xiaolin Wang and Min Gu
2.1 Excellent Electronic Properties 46
2.2 Excellent Optical Properties 50
2.3 Advanced Optoelectronic Devices 57
2.4 Conclusion and Outlook 62
3 Topological Insulator Thin Films and Artificial Topological Superconductors 71
Hao Zheng, Yaoyi Li and Jin-Feng Jia
3.1 Theoretical Background 72
3.2 Introduction of the Experimental Methods 78
3.3 Topological Insulator Thin Films 82
3.4 Artificial Two-Dimensional Topological Superconductor 88
3.5 Discovery of Majorana Zero Mode 94
3.6 Summary 102
4 Topological Matter in the Absence of Translational Invariance 109
Koji Kobayashi, Tomi Ohtsuki and Ken-Ichiro Imura
4.1 Introduction 109
4.2 Topological Insulator and Real-Space Topology 114
4.3 Layer Construction: Dimensional Crossovers of Topological Properties 119
4.4 Effects of Disorder 126
4.5 Critical Properties of Topological Quantum Phase Transitions 130
4.6 Phase Diagrams Obtained from Machine Learning 142
4.7 Summary and Concluding Remarks 149
5 Changing the Topology of Electronic Systems Through Interactions or Disorder 159
M.A.N. Araujo, E.V. Castro and P.D. Sacramento
5.1 Introduction 160
5.2 Change of an Insulator’s Topological Properties by a Hubbard Interaction 163
5.3 Effects of Disorder on Chern Insulators 172
5.4 Topological Superconductors 183
5.5 Conclusions 191
6 Q-Switching Pulses Generation Using Topology Insulators as Saturable Absorber 207
Sulaiman Wadi Harun, Nurfarhanah Zulkipli, Ahmad Razif Muhammad and Anas Abdul Latiff
6.1 Introduction 208
6.2 Fiber Laser Technology 209
6.3 Topology Insulator (TI) 215
6.4 Pulsed Laser Parameters 216
6.5 Bi2 Se3 Material as Saturable Absorber in Passively Q-Switched Fiber Laser 218
6.6 Q-Switched EDFL with Bi2 Te3 Material as Saturable Absorber 226
6.7 Conclusion 233
7 Topological Phase Transitions: Criticality, Universality, and Renormalization Group Approach 239
Wei Chen and Manfred Sigrist
7.1 Generic Features Near Topological Phase Transitions 240
7.2 Topological Invariant in 1D Calculated from Berry Connection 249
7.3 Topological Invariant in 2D Calculated from Berry Curvature 261
7.4 Universality Class of Higher Order Dirac Model 262
7.5 Topological Invariant in D-Dimension Calculated from Pfaffian 268
7.6 Summary 277
8 Behaviour of Dielectric Materials Under Electron Irradiation in a SEM 281
Slim Fakhfakh, Khaled Raouadi and Omar Jbara
8.1 Introduction 282
8.2 Fundamental Aspects of Electron Irradiation of Solids 283
8.3 Electron Emission of Solid Materials 285
8.4 Electron Emission of Solid Materials 295
8.5 Trapping and Charge Transport in Insulators 296
8.6 Application: Dynamic Trapping Properties of Dielectric Materials Under Electron Irradiation 300
8.7 Conclusion 325
9 Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) is a New Paradigm for Realization of Topological Insulator 331
Gopinath Palai
9.1 Introduction 331
9.2 Structure of Photonic Crystal Fiber 346
9.3 Result and Discussion 347
9.4 Conclusion 353
10 Patterned 2D Thin Films Topological Insulators for Potential Plasmonic Applications 361
G. Padmalaya, E. Manikandan, S. Radha, B.S. Sreeja and P. Senthil Kumar
10.1 Introduction 362
10.2 Fundamentals of Plasmons 363
10.3 Plasmons at Structured Surfaces 370
10.4 Nanostructured Thin Films and Its Applications 387
10.5 Summary 388
References 389
Index 393
