List of Contributors xv
Preface xvii
Part I A review on Classical Multilevel Converters 1
1 Classical Multilevel Converters 3
Gabriel H. P. Ooi, Ziyou Lim, and Hossein Dehghani Tafti
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Classical Two-Level Converters 3
1.3 The Need for Multilevel Converters 4
1.4 Classical Multilevel Converters 5
1.5 Multilevel Applications and Future Trends 12
References 14
2 Multilevel Modulation Methods 17
Ziyou Lim, Hossein Dehghani Tafti, and Harikrishna R. Pinkymol
2.1 Introduction 17
2.2 Carrier-Based Sinusoidal Pulse-WidthModulation Methods 19
2.3 Space Vector Modulation (SVM) 24
2.4 Summary 27
References 28
3 Mathematical Modeling of Classical Three-Level Converters 29
Gabriel H. P. Ooi
3.1 Introduction 29
3.2 Three-Level Diode-Clamped Inverter Topology 29
3.3 Three-Level Flying-Capacitor Inverter Topology 38
3.4 Summary 44
References 44
4 Voltage BalancingMethods for Classical Multilevel Converters 45
Gabriel H. P. Ooi, Hossein Dehghani Tafti, and Harikrishna R. Pinkymol
4.1 Introduction 45
4.2 Active Balancing by Adding dc Offset Voltage to Modulating Signals 45
4.3 Measurement Results for dc Offset Modulation Control 47
4.4 Natural Balancing by using Star Connected RC Filter 49
4.5 Measurement Results for the Natural Balancing Method 59
4.6 Space Vector Modulation with the Self-Balancing Technique 59
4.7 Summary 61
References 63
Part II Advanced Multilevel Rectifiers and their Control Strategies 65
5 Unidirectional Three-Phase Three-Level Unity-Power Factor Rectifier 67
Gabriel H. P. Ooi and Hossein Dehghani Tafti
5.1 Introduction 67
5.2 Circuit Configuration 67
5.3 Proposed Controller Scheme 70
5.4 Experimental Verification 80
5.5 Summary 86
References 86
6 Bidirectional and Unidirectional Five-Level Multiple-Pole Multilevel Rectifiers 89
Gabriel H. P. Ooi
6.1 Introduction 89
6.2 Circuit Configuration 89
6.3 Modulation Scheme 91
6.4 Design Considerations 93
6.5 Comparative Evaluation 95
6.6 Control Strategy 101
6.7 Experimental Verification 103
6.8 Summary 105
References 105
7 Five-Level Multiple-Pole Multilevel Vienna Rectifier 107
Gabriel H. P. Ooi and Ali I. Maswood
7.1 Introduction 107
7.2 Operating Principle 108
7.3 Design Considerations 110
7.4 Control Strategy 112
7.5 Validation 115
7.6 Summary 116
References 117
8 Five-Level Multiple-Pole Multilevel Rectifier with Reduced Components 119
Gabriel H. P. Ooi
8.1 Introduction 119
8.2 Operation Principle 120
8.3 Modulation Scheme 122
8.4 Control Strategy 123
8.5 Design Considerations 128
8.6 Validation 131
8.7 Experimental Verification 131
8.8 Summary 132
References 134
9 Four-Quadrant Reduced Modular Cell Rectifier 137
Ziyou Lim
9.1 Introduction 137
9.2 Circuit Configuration 139
9.3 Operating Principle 139
9.4 Design Considerations 141
9.5 Control Strategy 144
9.6 Comparative Evaluation of Classical MFCR and Proposed RFCR 148
9.7 Experimental Verification 149
References 160
Part III Advanced Multilevel Inverters and their Control Strategies 163
10 Transformerless Five-Level/Multiple-Pole Multilevel Inverters with Single DC Bus Configuration 165
Gabriel H. P. Ooi
10.1 Introduction 165
10.2 Five-Level Multiple-Pole Concept 166
10.3 Circuit Configuration and Operation Principles 167
10.4 Modulation Scheme 176
10.5 Design Consideration 176
10.6 Accuracy of the Current Stress Calculation 184
10.7 Losses in Power Devices 189
10.8 Discussion 197
References 199
11 Transformerless Seven-Level/Multiple-Pole Multilevel Inverters with Single-Input Multiple-Output (SIMO) Balancing Circuit 201
Hossein Dehghani Tafti and Gabriel H. P. Ooi
11.1 Introduction 201
11.2 Circuit Configuration and Operating Principles 201
11.3 SIMO Voltage Balancing Circuit 204
11.4 Design Considerations 208
11.5 Experimental Verification 212
11.6 Summary 215
References 215
12 Three-Phase Seven-Level Three-Cell Lightweight Flying Capacitor Inverter 217
Ziyou Lim
12.1 Introduction 217
12.2 LFCI Topology 219
12.3 Circuit Configuration 220
12.4 Operational Principles 220
12.5 Modulation Scheme 228
12.6 Design Considerations 230
12.7 Harmonic Characteristics 234
12.8 Experimental Verification 247
References 250
13 Three-Phase Seven-Level Four-Cell Reduced Flying Capacitor Inverter 251
Ziyou Lim
13.1 Introduction 251
13.2 Circuit Configuration 251
13.3 Operation Principles 252
13.4 Design Considerations 254
13.5 Flying Capacitor Voltage Balancing Control 259
13.6 Experimental Verification 264
14 Active Neutral-Point-Clamped Inverter 275
Ziyou Lim
14.1 Introduction 275
14.2 Circuit Configuration 277
14.3 Operating Principles 277
14.4 Design Considerations 279
14.5 Multiple Voltage Quantities Enhancement Control 280
14.6 Common Mode Reduction 298
References 316
15 Multilevel Z-Source Inverters 319
Muhammad M. Roomi
15.1 Introduction 319
15.2 Two-Level ZSI 321
15.3 Three-Level ZSI 324
15.4 Modulation Methods for Three-Level Z-Source NPC Inverter 332
15.5 Modulation Method for Three-Level Dual Z-Source NPC Inverter 335
15.6 Reference Disposition Level-Shifted PWM for Non-ideal Dual Z-Source Network NPC Inverter 350
15.7 Applications of ZSI 363
15.8 Summary 365
References 367
Part IV Grid-Integration Applications of Advanced Multilevel Converters 369
16 Multilevel Converter-Based Photovoltaic Power Conversion 371
Hossein Dehghani Tafti, Georgios Konstantinou, and Josep Pou
16.1 Introduction 371
16.2 Three-Level Neutral-Point-Clamped Inverter–Based PV Power Plant 371
16.3 Seven-Level Cascaded H-Bridge Inverter–Based PV Power Plant 390
16.4 Summary 407
References 407
17 Multilevel Converter–basedWind Power Conversion 413
Md Shafquat Ullah Khan
17.1 Introduction 413
17.2 Wind Power Conversion Principles 413
17.3 Multilevel Converters in Wind Power Conversion 416
17.4 Grid-Connected Back-to-Back Three-Phase NPC Converter 418
17.5 Summary 429
References 429
18 Z-Source Inverter–Based Fuel Cell Power Generation 433
Muhammad M. Roomi
18.1 Introduction 433
18.2 Fuel Cell Power Conversion Principles 436
18.3 Modelling of the PEMFC 437
18.4 Circuit Configuration 439
18.5 Control Strategy 440
18.6 Validation 442
18.7 Summary 451
References 453
19 Multilevel Converter-Based Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System 455
Muhammad M. Roomi and Harikrishna R. Pinkymol
19.1 Introduction 455
19.2 A Space Vector Modulated Five-Level Multiple-pole Multilevel Diode-Clamped STATCOM 456
19.3 Summary 470
References 470
Index 473
