Preface xiii
Part 1 Synthesis, Characterizations, Modelling and Properties
1 Two-Dimensional Layered Gallium Selenide: Preparation, Properties, and Applications 3
Wenjing Jie and Jianhua Hao
1.1 Introduction 4
1.2 Preparation of 2D Layered GaSe Crystals 5
1.3 Structure, Characterization, and Properties 10
1.4 Applications 24
1.5 Conclusions and Perspectives 31
Acknowledgment 32
References 32
2 Recent Progress on the Synthesis of 2D Boron Nitride Nanosheets 37
Li Fu and Aimin Yu
2.1 Boron Nitride and Its Nanomorphologies 37
2.2 Boron Nitride Nanosheets Synthesis 39
2.3 Conclusion 56
References 57
3 The Effects of Substrates on 2D Crystals 67
Emanuela Margapoti, Mahmoud M. Asmar and Sergio E. Ulloa
3.1 Introduction 68
3.2 Fundamental Studies of 2D Crystals 71
3.3 Graphene Symmetries and Their Modification by Substrates and Functionalization 80
3.4 TMDs on Insulators and Metal Substrates 89
3.5 Conclusion 107
References 108
4 Hubbard Model in Material Science: Electrical Conductivity and Reflectivity of Models of Some 2D Materials 115
Vladan Celebonovic
4.1 Introduction 115
4.2 The Hubbard Model 116
4.3 Calculations of Conductivity 124
4.4 The Hubbard Model and Optics 135
4.5 Conclusions 141
Acknowledgment 142
References 142
Part 2 State-of-the-art Design of Functional 2D composites
5 Graphene Derivatives in Semicrystalline Polymer Composites 147
Sandra Paszkiewicz, Anna Szymczyk and Zbigniew Ros?aniec
5.1 Introduction 147
5.2 Preparation of Polymer Nanocomposites Containing Graphene Derivatives 150
5.3 Properties of Graphene-based Polymer Nanocomposites 156
5.4 Synergic Effect of 2D/1D System 174
5.5 Conclusions (Summary) and Future Perspectives 175
References 180
6 Graphene Oxide: A Unique Nano-platform to Build Advanced Multifunctional Composites 193
Andre F. Girão, Susana Pinto, Ana Bessa, Gil Gonçalves, Bruno Henriques, Eduarda Pereira and Paula A. A. P. Marques
6.1 Introduction to Graphene Oxide as Building Unit 194
6.2 Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering 196
6.3 Water Remediation 206
6.4 Multifunctional Structural Materials 212
6.5 Conclusions (Final Remarks) 223
Acknowledgments 224
References 224
7 Synthesis of ZnO–Graphene Hybrids for Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Contaminants 237
Alina Pruna and Daniele Pullini
7.1 Introduction into Wastewater Treatment 237
7.2 Semiconductor-based Photocatalytic Degradation Mechanism 239
7.3 ZnO Hybridization toward Enhanced Photocatalytic Efficiency 240
7.4 Synthesis Approaches for ZnO–Graphene Hybrid Photocatalysts 242
7.5 ZnO–Graphene Hybrid Photocatalysts 244
7.6 Ternary Hybrids with ZnO and rGO Materials 270
7.7 Conclusions 276
Acknowledgments 278
References 278
8 Covalent and Non-covalent Modification of Graphene Oxide Through Polymer Grafting 287
Akbar Hassanpour, Khatereh Gorbanpour and Abbas Dadkhah Tehrani
8.1 Introduction 288
8.2 Covalent Modification of Graphene Oxide 288
8.3 Non-covalent Modification of Graphene Oxide 314
8.4 Composites and Grafts of GO with Natural Polymers 321
8.5 Conclusion 333
Acknowledgment 334
References 334
Part 3 High-tech Applications of 2D Materials
9 Graphene–Semiconductor Hybrid Photocatalysts and Their Application in Solar Fuel Production 355
Pawan Kumar, Anurag Kumar, Chetan Joshi, Rabah Boukherrouband Suman L. Jain
9.1 Introduction 356
9.2 Conclusion 379
References 379
10 Graphene in Sensors Design 387
Andreea Cernat, Mihaela Terti?, Lumini?a Fritea and Cecilia Cristea
10.1 Introduction 388
10.2 Fabrication and Characterization of Graphene-based Materials 389
10.3 Applications 394
10.4 Conclusions 418
Acknowledgements 418
References 419
11 Bio-applications of Graphene Composites: From Bench to Clinic 433
Meisam Omidi, A. Fatehinya, M. Frahani, Z. Niknam, A. Yadegari, M. Hashemi, H. Jazayeri, H. Zali, M. Zahedinik, and L. Tayebi
11.1 Introduction 433
11.2 Synthesis and Structural Features 435
11.3 Biomedical Applications 438
11.4 Conclusions (Current Limitations and Future Perspectives) 457
References 461
12 Hydroxyapatite–Graphene as Advanced Bioceramic Composites for Orthopedic Applications 473
Wan Jeffrey Basirun, Saeid Baradaran and Bahman Nasiri-Tabrizi
12.1 Background of Study 474
12.2 Literature Review 478
12.3 Functional Specifications 486
12.4 Summary and Concluding Remarks 494
References 495
