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Waves and oscillations permeate virtually every field of current physics research, are central to chemistry, and are essential to much of engineering. Furthermore, the concepts and mathematical techniques used for serious study of waves and oscillations form the foundation for quantum mechanics. Once they have mastered these ideas in a classical context, students will be ready to focus on the challenging concepts of quantum mechanics when they encounter them, rather than struggling with techniques. This lively textbook gives a thorough grounding in complex exponentials and the key aspects of differential equations and matrix math; no prior experience is assumed. The parallels between normal mode analysis, orthogonal function analysis (especially Fourier analysis), and superpositions of quantum states are clearly drawn, without actually getting into the quantum mechanics. An in-depth, accessible introduction to Hilbert space and bra-ket notation begins in Chapter 5 (on symmetrical coupled oscillators), emphasizing the analogy with conventional dot products, and continues in subsequent chapters. Connections to current physics research (atomic force microscopy, chaos, supersolids, micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), magnetic resonance imaging, carbon nanotubes, and more) are highlighted in the text and in end-of-chapter problems, and are frequently updated in the associated website. The book actively engages readers with a refreshing writing style and a set of carefully applied learning tools, such as in-text concept tests, "your turn" boxes (in which the student fills in one or two steps of a derivation), concept and skill inventories for each chapter, and "wrong way" problems in which the student explains the flaw in a line of reasoning. These tools promote self-awareness of the learning process. The associated website features custom-developed applets, video and audio recordings, additional problems, and links to related current research. The instructor-only part includes difficulty ratings for problems, optional hints, full solutions, and additional support materials.
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Table of ContentsLearning tools used in this book1. Simple Harmonic Motion1.1 Sinusoidal Oscillations are Everywhere1.2 The physics and mathematics behind simple harmonic motion1.3 Important parameters and adjustable constant of simple harmonic motion1.4 Mass on a spring1.5 Electrical oscillators1.6 Review of Taylor Series Approximations1.7 Euler's equation1.8 Review of complex numbers1.9 Complex exponential notation for oscillatory motion1.10 The complex representation for AC circuits1.11 Another important complex function: The quantum mechanical wavefunction1.12 Pure sinusoidal oscillations and uncertainty principlesConcept and skill inventoryProblems2. Examples of Simple Harmonic Motion2.1 Requirements for harmonic oscillation2.2 Pendulums2.3 Elastic deformations and Young's modulus2.4 Shear2.5 Torsion and Torsional Oscillators2.6 Bending and CantileversConcept and skill inventoryProblems3. Damped oscillations3.1 Damped mechanical oscillators3.2 Damped electrical oscillators3.3 Exponential decay of energy3.4 The Quality Factor3.5 Underdamped, overdamped, and critically damped behavior3.6 Types of dampingConcept and skill inventoryProblems4. Driven Oscillations and Resonance4.1 Resonance4.2 Effects of damping4.3 Energy flow4.4 Linear differential equations, the superposition principle for driven systems, and the response to multiple drive forces4.5 Transients4.6 Electrical resonance4.7 Other examples of resonance: MRI and other spectroscopies4.8 Non-linear oscillators and chaosConcept and skill inventoryProblems5. Symmetric coupled oscillators and Hilbert space5.1 Beats: An aside?5.2 Two symmetric coupled oscillators: equations of motion5.3 Normal modes5.4 Superposing normal modes5.5 Normal mode analysis, and normal modes as an alternate description of reality5.6 Hilbert Space and bra-ket notation5.7 The analogy between coupled oscillators and molecular energy levels5.8 Non-zero initial velocities5.9 Damped, driven coupled oscillatorsConcept and skill inventoryProblems6. Asymmetric coupled oscillators and the eigenvalue equation6.1 Matrix math6.2 Equations of motion and the eigenvalue equation6.3 Procedure for solving the eigenvalue equation6.4 Systems with more than two objects6.5 Normal mode analysis for mulit-object, asymmetrical systems6.6 More matrix math6.7 Orthogonality of normal modes, normal mode coordinates, degeneracy, and scaling of Hilbert space for unequal massesConcept and skill inventoryProblems7. String theory7.1 The beaded string7.2 Standing wave guess: Boundary conditions quantize the allowed frequencies7.3 The highest possible frequency; connection to waves in a crystalline solid7.4 Normal mode analysis for the beaded string7.5 Longitudinal oscillations7.6 The continuous string7.7 Normal mode analysis for continuous systems7.8 k-spaceConcept and skill inventoryProblems8. Fourier analysis8.1 Introduction8.2 The Fourier Expansion8.3 Expansions using non-normalized orthogonal basis functions8.4 Finding the coefficients in the Fourier expansion8.5 Fourier Transforms and the meaning of negative frequency8.6 The Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)8.7 Some applications of Fourier analysisConcept and skill inventoryProblems9. Traveling waves9.1 Introduction9.2 The Wave Equation9.3 Traveling sinusoidal waves9.4 The Superposition Principle for traveling waves9.5 Electromagnetic waves in vacuum9.6 Electromagnetic waves in matter9.7 Waves on transmission lines9.8 Sound Waves9.9 Musical Instruments based on tubes9.10 Power carried by rope and electromagnetic waves; RMS amplitudes9.11 Intensity of sound waves; decibels9.12 Dispersion relations and group velocityConcept and skill inventoryProblems10. Waves at interfaces10.1 Reflections and the idea of boundary conditions10.2 Transmitted waves10.3 Characteristic impedances for mechanical systems10.4 "Universal" expressions for transmission and reflection10.5 Reflected and transmitted waves for transmission lines10.6 Reflection and transmission for electromagnetic waves in matter: normal incidence10.7 Reflection and transmission for sound waves, and summary of isomorphisms10.8 Snell's Law10.9 Total Internal Reflection and evanescent wavesConcept and skill inventoryProblemsAppendix A: Group velocity for an arbitrary envelope functionIndex
ISBN: 9780199742127
ISBN-10: 019974212X
Published: 20th May 2010
Format: PDF
Language: English
Publisher: Oxford University Press Academic US










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