| List of Symbols | p. xxi |
| Overview of Volcanic Processes | p. 1 |
| Basic Concepts and Definitions | p. 1 |
| The Volcanic System | p. 14 |
| The Geodynamic Problem | p. 20 |
| Volcanic Activity on the Earth | p. 21 |
| Volcanic Risk Mitigation | p. 34 |
| Closure | p. 39 |
| Foundations of Transport Theory | p. 41 |
| Introduction | p. 41 |
| Equilibrium Thermodynamics | p. 43 |
| Quasi-Equilibrium | p. 52 |
| Single-Phase Multicomponent Mixtures | p. 55 |
| Kinematics | p. 56 |
| Mass Balance | p. 58 |
| Linear Momentum | p. 59 |
| Angular Momentum | p. 63 |
| Energy | p. 64 |
| Constitutive Theory and Entropy | p. 66 |
| Constitutive Equations | p. 68 |
| Summary of Transport Equations | p. 76 |
| Single-Component Fluid | p. 77 |
| Integral Transport Laws | p. 78 |
| Control Volume Conservation of Mass | p. 80 |
| Control Volume Linear and Angular Momenta | p. 82 |
| Control Volume Energy and Entropy | p. 84 |
| Applications of Integral Analysis | p. 88 |
| Multiphase Mixtures | p. 94 |
| Preliminary Results | p. 95 |
| Kinematics | p. 100 |
| Mass | p. 101 |
| Linear and Angular Momenta | p. 101 |
| Energy and Entropy | p. 102 |
| Structural Effects and Constitutive Equations | p. 104 |
| Mixture Jump Conditions | p. 109 |
| Representative Applications | p. 110 |
| Elastic and Inelastic Stress Analysis | p. 114 |
| Principal Stresses and Stress Deviator | p. 115 |
| Strain | p. 118 |
| Stress--Strain Behavior of Materials | p. 122 |
| Elasticity and Thermoelasticity | p. 129 |
| Viscoelasticity | p. 134 |
| Plasticity and Viscoplasticity | p. 139 |
| Yield Criteria | p. 140 |
| Plastic and Viscoplastic Stress and Strain | p. 145 |
| Deformation of Rocks | p. 149 |
| Rock Deformation Properties | p. 150 |
| Crack Propagation | p. 156 |
| Three-Dimensional Mohr's Circle | p. 161 |
| Rock Fracture Criteria | p. 161 |
| Closure | p. 166 |
| Basic Mathematical Tools | p. 168 |
| Definitions and Results from Algebra and Calculus | p. 168 |
| Integral Theorems | p. 175 |
| Differential Quantities in Different Coordinate Systems | p. 178 |
| Properties of Igneous Materials | p. 181 |
| Introduction | p. 181 |
| Classification of Volcanic Rocks | p. 183 |
| Mineralogical Phase Diagrams | p. 189 |
| Steady-State Mixing of Binary Mixtures | p. 190 |
| Binary Systems | p. 191 |
| Ternary and Quaternary Systems | p. 195 |
| Pressure and Dissolved Gas Effects | p. 203 |
| Oxygen Fugacity and Magma Temperatures | p. 205 |
| Thermodynamic Modeling | p. 206 |
| Multicomponent Melts | p. 208 |
| Physical Properties | p. 209 |
| Equations of State | p. 216 |
| Mantle Equations of State | p. 217 |
| Fluids Equations of State | p. 218 |
| Volatile Concentrations | p. 220 |
| Rheological Properties | p. 229 |
| Low-Melt-Fraction Rheology | p. 229 |
| High-Melt-Fraction Rheology | p. 232 |
| Properties of Rocks and Minerals | p. 239 |
| Porosity and Permeability | p. 240 |
| Thermoelastic Properties | p. 242 |
| Trace Element Distribution and Isotope Geochemistry | p. 245 |
| Closure | p. 253 |
| Mantle Convection and Melt Segregation | p. 257 |
| Introduction | p. 257 |
| Mantle Gradients | p. 260 |
| Geothermal Gradient | p. 260 |
| Adiabatic Gradient | p. 262 |
| Constitution of the Mantle | p. 265 |
| Mantle Convection | p. 272 |
| Convection Parameters | p. 272 |
| Numerical Modeling | p. 284 |
| Melt Segregation | p. 286 |
| Melt Segregation Parameters | p. 288 |
| Melt Extraction | p. 295 |
| Melt Compaction without Phase Change | p. 298 |
| Spreading Centers and Subduction Zones | p. 303 |
| Mantle Plumes | p. 310 |
| Melting and Trace Element Distribution | p. 313 |
| Closure | p. 324 |
| Magma Chambers | p. 327 |
| Introduction | p. 327 |
| Evolution of Magma Bodies | p. 330 |
| Considerations from Fracture Mechanics | p. 330 |
| Fracture Propagation | p. 334 |
| Mechanical and Thermal Constraints | p. 343 |
| Mechanical Effects | p. 344 |
| Thermal Effects | p. 349 |
| Magmatic Processes | p. 356 |
| Evidence from Intrusions | p. 356 |
| Crystallization Concepts | p. 359 |
| Convection | p. 363 |
| Laboratory Experiments | p. 363 |
| Physical Modeling Strategies | p. 365 |
| Double-Diffusive Convection | p. 371 |
| Crystallization | p. 382 |
| Crystallization Kinetics | p. 383 |
| Heat and Mass Transfer with Phase Change | p. 387 |
| Magma Chamber Dynamics | p. 395 |
| Thermomechanical Model | p. 396 |
| Vesuvius Eruption Forecasting | p. 404 |
| Initial Conditions | p. 404 |
| Modeling Parameters | p. 405 |
| Results | p. 407 |
| Closure | p. 410 |
| Magma Ascent in Conduits | p. 411 |
| Introduction | p. 411 |
| Opening of Volcanic Conduits | p. 414 |
| Stability Considerations | p. 415 |
| Constraints from Melting and Solidification | p. 419 |
| Conduit Processes | p. 430 |
| Bubble Nucleation and Growth | p. 430 |
| Magma Fragmentation | p. 438 |
| Magma-Water Interaction | p. 441 |
| Nonexplosive Magma-Water Interaction | p. 442 |
| Explosive Magma-Water Interaction | p. 450 |
| Magma Ascent Dynamics | p. 461 |
| Homogeneous Flow | p. 462 |
| Two-Phase Nonequilibrium Flow | p. 471 |
| Crater Effects | p. 479 |
| Conduit Erosion | p. 480 |
| Closure | p. 484 |
| Pyroclastic Dispersions | p. 487 |
| Introduction | p. 487 |
| Eruption Columns | p. 493 |
| Jet Thrust Region | p. 493 |
| Fountains and Material Recycling | p. 503 |
| Buoyant and Buoyant/Collapsing Columns | p. 507 |
| Collapsing Columns and Pyroclastic Flows | p. 511 |
| Pyroclastic Deposits | p. 515 |
| Plinian Columns | p. 517 |
| Pyroclastic Flows and Surges | p. 521 |
| Eruption Mitigation at Vesuvius | p. 524 |
| Decision Theory | p. 526 |
| Pyroclastic Flow Mitigation | p. 530 |
| VESUVIUS 2000 | p. 533 |
| Closure | p. 535 |
| References | p. 537 |
| Index | p. 577 |
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