| Introduction | p. 1 |
| General | p. 1 |
| Global Nuclear Power | p. 2 |
| Nuclear Resources | p. 3 |
| Technological Forecasts | p. 5 |
| Summary | p. 6 |
| Further Reading | p. 6 |
| Chemistry, Metallurgy, Mineralogy and Mining | p. 7 |
| Chemistry | p. 7 |
| Metallurgy | p. 9 |
| General | p. 9 |
| Nuclear Properties | p. 11 |
| Physical Properties | p. 12 |
| Thermal Properties | p. 13 |
| Mechanical Properties | p. 13 |
| Primary Irradiation Effects | p. 13 |
| Irradiation and Thermal Cycling Growths | p. 14 |
| Irradiation Swelling | p. 14 |
| Irradiation Creep | p. 15 |
| Summary | p. 15 |
| Mineralogy | p. 17 |
| Introduction | p. 17 |
| Earth Materials | p. 17 |
| Rocks and Minerals | p. 18 |
| Rock-Forming Minerals | p. 19 |
| Definition of Minerals | p. 20 |
| Geochemical Classification of the Elements | p. 22 |
| Mineral Formation and the Phase Rule | p. 24 |
| Mineral Deposits | p. 25 |
| Industrial Deposits | p. 25 |
| Ore, Ore Deposit or Orebody | p. 26 |
| Gangue Minerals | p. 30 |
| Ore Mineral | p. 31 |
| Abundance and Concentration | p. 34 |
| Mineral Deposits - Types and Formation | p. 36 |
| Magmatic Deposits | p. 37 |
| Pegmatitic Deposits | p. 38 |
| Hydrothermal Deposits | p. 39 |
| Exhalative Deposits | p. 41 |
| Deposits Formed by Sedimentary Processes | p. 42 |
| Supergene Enrichment | p. 48 |
| Metamorphic Deposits | p. 49 |
| Contact-Metasomatic Deposits | p. 50 |
| Uranium Mineralogy | p. 51 |
| Mineralogical Crustal Chemistry and Abundance | p. 53 |
| Formation of Uranium Deposits | p. 56 |
| Time Bound Characteristics of Uranium Deposits | p. 58 |
| Classification of Uranium Deposits | p. 59 |
| Ore Reserves and Mineral Resources | p. 61 |
| Primary Sources | p. 63 |
| Secondary Sources | p. 65 |
| Uranium Mining | p. 72 |
| A General Account | p. 72 |
| Mining Methods | p. 73 |
| Open Pit Mining and Quarrying | p. 74 |
| Dredging | p. 75 |
| Underground Mining | p. 76 |
| Further Reading | p. 81 |
| Uranium Resource Dissolution | p. 83 |
| Introduction | p. 83 |
| Leaching | p. 84 |
| Acid Leaching | p. 89 |
| Acid Leaching Chemistry | p. 89 |
| Chemical Response of Minerals | p. 91 |
| Leaching Parameters | p. 92 |
| Leach Process Patterns | p. 93 |
| Alkaline Leaching | p. 97 |
| Alkaline Leaching Chemistry | p. 98 |
| Process Parameters | p. 100 |
| Pachuca Leaching by Carbonate Process | p. 100 |
| Pressure Leaching | p. 100 |
| Acid Pressure Hydrometallurgy | p. 102 |
| Alkaline Pressure Hydrometallurgy | p. 104 |
| Novel Separation Methods | p. 105 |
| Solvent Leaching | p. 105 |
| Bioleaching | p. 106 |
| In Situ Leaching | p. 111 |
| Introduction | p. 111 |
| Techniques | p. 112 |
| Parameters | p. 112 |
| ISL Systems | p. 117 |
| Commercial Exposure | p. 122 |
| Penetrative ISL | p. 124 |
| PNE-ISL System | p. 125 |
| Heap or Dump Leaching | p. 129 |
| Further Reading | p. 131 |
| Leached Solution Processing | p. 133 |
| Ion Exchange | p. 134 |
| Introduction | p. 134 |
| Adsorption and Elution Principles | p. 136 |
| Chemical Reactions | p. 138 |
| Ion Exchange Materials | p. 140 |
| Ion Exchange Equipment | p. 141 |
| Fixed Bed Columns | p. 141 |
| Resin in Pulp (RIP) Systems | p. 143 |
| Basket Resin in Pulp | p. 143 |
| Screen-Mix Resin in Pulp | p. 145 |
| Suspended Bed Columns | p. 147 |
| Fluidised Bed Contactors | p. 148 |
| Uranium Liquor Processing | p. 150 |
| Miscellaneous Applications | p. 154 |
| Waste Treatment | p. 154 |
| Chemical Analysis | p. 154 |
| Chromatography | p. 155 |
| Membranes | p. 156 |
| Solvent Extraction | p. 156 |
| Introduction | p. 156 |
| Process Chemistry | p. 158 |
| Extractant Types | p. 158 |
| Solvent Characteristics | p. 162 |
| Leach Liquor Characteristics | p. 168 |
| Process Design | p. 168 |
| Graphic Presentation of Solvent Extraction | p. 169 |
| Contacting Equipment | p. 175 |
| Mixer Settler | p. 178 |
| Solvent-in-Pulp Extraction | p. 182 |
| Theoretical Aspects | p. 183 |
| Mechanisms | p. 183 |
| Kinetics | p. 186 |
| Novel Separation Methods | p. 188 |
| Gel Extraction | p. 188 |
| Hydrogels | p. 188 |
| Hydrophobic Gels | p. 189 |
| Membrane Separation | p. 192 |
| Bulk Liquid Membranes | p. 193 |
| Emulsion Liquid Membranes | p. 193 |
| Electrostatic Pseudo Liquid Membrane | p. 196 |
| Supported Liquid Membranes | p. 196 |
| Polymeric Incursion Membranes | p. 197 |
| Transport in Membrane | p. 197 |
| Co-Transport | p. 198 |
| Counter-Transport | p. 199 |
| Transport Model | p. 200 |
| Choice of Substrate, Membrane and Solvent | p. 202 |
| Applications in Hydrometallurgy | p. 203 |
| Precipitation | p. 206 |
| Principles | p. 206 |
| Crystallisation | p. 206 |
| Chemical Methods | p. 207 |
| Hydrolysis | p. 208 |
| Ionic Precipitation | p. 208 |
| Reduction | p. 211 |
| Substitution | p. 219 |
| Processes | p. 219 |
| Selection Criteria | p. 219 |
| Selectivity | p. 220 |
| Precipitation Domains | p. 220 |
| Product Specifications | p. 222 |
| Precipitation Alternatives | p. 223 |
| Process Alternatives | p. 224 |
| Phosphate Precipitation System | p. 224 |
| Ammonium Hydroxide System | p. 224 |
| Ammonium Uranyl Tricarbonate (AUT) System | p. 228 |
| Peroxide System | p. 230 |
| Fluoride System | p. 233 |
| Oxalate System | p. 234 |
| Urea Precipitation | p. 235 |
| Further Reading | p. 235 |
| Uranium from Phosphates | p. 239 |
| Introduction | p. 239 |
| Dissolution and Products | p. 242 |
| Sulphuric Acid | p. 243 |
| Hydrochloric Acid | p. 248 |
| Nitric Acid | p. 251 |
| Dicalcium Phosphate | p. 254 |
| Carbothermy | p. 256 |
| Uranium Recovery | p. 258 |
| Fertilisers | p. 259 |
| Industrial Phosphates | p. 260 |
| Chloride System Residues | p. 261 |
| Acid Extraction Streams | p. 261 |
| Furnace Slag | p. 262 |
| Phosphogypsum | p. 262 |
| Uranium from Phosphoric Acid | p. 266 |
| Precipitation | p. 266 |
| Ion Exchange | p. 268 |
| Membrane Separation | p. 272 |
| Supported Liquid Membranes | p. 272 |
| Emulsion Liquid Membranes | p. 273 |
| Froth Flotation Processes | p. 276 |
| Solvent Extraction Processes | p. 277 |
| Anionic Extractants | p. 277 |
| Neutral Extractants | p. 281 |
| Acidic Extractants | p. 282 |
| Pyroacids | p. 282 |
| Phenyl Phosphoric Acids | p. 285 |
| Aliphatic Organophosphorus Acids | p. 292 |
| Synergistic Extraction | p. 293 |
| Tri-n-butyl Phosphate Synergist | p. 294 |
| Dibutyl Butyl Phosphonate Synergist | p. 296 |
| Tri Octyl Phosphine Oxide Synergist | p. 299 |
| Other Synergists | p. 308 |
| Solvent Extraction Flow Sheets | p. 309 |
| Pre-Treatment | p. 309 |
| Oxidation-Reduction | p. 309 |
| Organic Matter Separation | p. 317 |
| Suspended Solids Separation | p. 323 |
| Temperature Adjustment | p. 329 |
| Pre-Treatment: Chemical Change | p. 331 |
| Post-Treatment | p. 332 |
| Entrainment Measurements | p. 333 |
| Coalescence | p. 335 |
| Coalescence Equipment | p. 338 |
| Industrial Scenario | p. 341 |
| Rare Earths and Fluorine Recoveries | p. 349 |
| Rare Earths | p. 349 |
| Fluorine Recovery | p. 350 |
| Further Reading | p. 351 |
| Uranium from Minor Secondary Resources | p. 361 |
| Uranium from Copper Resource Processing | p. 361 |
| South African Source | p. 361 |
| Australian Source | p. 363 |
| Indian Source | p. 365 |
| Mineralogical Composition | p. 366 |
| Particulate Characteristics | p. 367 |
| Nature of Occurrence of Uranium | p. 368 |
| Principles of Gravity Concentration | p. 369 |
| Uranium Liberation | p. 371 |
| Reichert Cone Concentrator | p. 371 |
| Bartles-Mozley Separator (BMS) and Cross-Belt Concentrator (CBC) | p. 374 |
| Magnetic Separation | p. 377 |
| American Source | p. 387 |
| Monazite | p. 389 |
| Occurrences | p. 389 |
| Monazite Processing | p. 390 |
| Uranium and Thorium Separations | p. 395 |
| Chemical Methods | p. 395 |
| Solvent Extraction | p. 396 |
| Solvents | p. 396 |
| Extraction from Chloride/Sulphate Media | p. 397 |
| Extraction from Nitrate Medium | p. 397 |
| Process Description | p. 399 |
| Seawater | p. 400 |
| Separation Processes | p. 403 |
| Constraints | p. 403 |
| Types of Processes | p. 404 |
| Pilot Plant Test Work | p. 409 |
| Plant Engineering | p. 417 |
| Coal | p. 420 |
| Gold Processing | p. 423 |
| Zirconium Sources | p. 426 |
| Uranium from Some Unconventional Sources | p. 427 |
| General | p. 427 |
| Uranium Scraps | p. 428 |
| Uranium Slags | p. 430 |
| Uranium Solutions | p. 433 |
| Further Reading | p. 435 |
| Safety Appraisals | p. 441 |
| Radiation and Its Control | p. 442 |
| Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved. |
