Preface xi
Acknowledgments xiii
About the Author xv
About the Reviewers xvii
Note to Instructors xxi
1 HOW TO DESIGN RESISTIVE CIRCUITS 1
1.1 Design of a Resistive Thevenin Source 2
1.2 Design of a Coupling Circuit 4
1.3 Design of a Pi Attenuator 8
Problems 14
References 17
2 HOW TO PREVENT A POWER TRANSISTOR FROM OVERHEATING 19
2.1 Electrical Model for Heat Transfer 20
2.2 Using Manufacturer's Data for Thermal Analysis 23
2.3 Forced-Air Cooling 26
2.4 Dynamic Response of a Thermal System 27
Problems 30
Reference 32
3 HOW TO ANALYZE A CIRCUIT 33
3.1 Frequency Response of a Transfer Function 34
3.2 Frequency Response and Impedance of Simple Circuits 38
3.3 Frequency Response for Ladder Networks 51
3.4 Generalized Technique for Determining Frequency Response 54
Problems 58
References 60
4 HOW TO USE STATISTICS TO ENSURE A MANUFACTURABLE DESIGN 61
4.1 Independent Component Failures 62
4.2 Using the Gaussian Distribution 63
4.3 Setting a Manufacturing Test Limit 68
4.4 Procuring a Custom Component 71
Problems 76
References 77
5 HOW TO DESIGN A FEEDBACK CONTROL SYSTEM 79
5.1 Intuitive Description of a Control System 80
5.2 Review of Control System Operation 81
5.3 Performance of Control Systems 84
5.4 First-Order Control System Design 84
5.5 Second-Order Control System Design 88
5.6 Circuit Realization of a Second-Order Control System 94
5.7 First-Order Discrete Control System 95
Problems 101
References 102
6 HOW TO WORK WITH OP-AMP CIRCUITS 103
6.1 The Ideal Op-Amp 104
6.2 Practical Op-Amps 108
6.2.1 Effect of Input Offset Voltage 108
6.2.2 Noise Contribution from Op-Amp Circuits 110
6.2.3 Dynamic Characteristics of Op-Amp Circuits 113
6.2.4 Effect of Capacitive Loading 116
6.2.5 A Nagging Issue 118
Problems 119
References 121
7 HOW TO DESIGN ANALOG FILTERS 123
7.1 Passive Versus Active Filters 124
7.2 The Lowpass RC Filter 125
7.3 Filter Response Characteristics 129
7.4 Specification of Filter Type 131
7.5 Generalized Filter Design Procedure 132
7.6 Design of Active Lowpass Filters 136
7.7 Design of Passive RF Filters 139
Problems 146
References 148
8 HOW TO DESIGN DIGITAL FILTERS 149
8.1 Review of Sampling 150
8.2 Using the z-Transform to Determine the Transfer Function and Frequency Response of Digital Filters 155
8.3 FIR and IIR Digital Filters 161
8.3.1 FIR Filters 162
8.3.2 IIR Filters 165
8.3.3 Comparisons between FIR and IIR Filters 167
8.4 Design of Simple and Practical Digital Filters 168
8.4.1 Averaging Lowpass FIR Filter 168
8.4.2 Lowpass FIR/IIR Filter 171
Problems 177
References 181
9 HOW TO WORK WITH RF SIGNALS 183
9.1 Energy Transfer 185
9.2 Signal Reflections 187
9.3 Effect of Signal Reflections on Digital Signals 190
9.4 Effect of Signal Reflections on Narrowband Signals 195
9.5 The Smith Chart 198
9.6 Using the Smith Chart to Display Impedance Versus Frequency 205
9.7 Final Comments Regarding the Smith Chart 205
Problems 206
References 209
10 GETTING A JOB-KEEPING A JOB-ENJOYING YOUR WORK 211
10.1 Getting a Job 212
10.1.1 Getting an Interview 214
10.1.2 Preparing for an Interview 216
10.1.3 The Interview 217
10.1.4 Selecting the Right Offer 220
10.2 Keeping a Job 221
10.2.1 The First Year 221
10.2.2 After the First Year 224
10.3 Enjoying Your Work 227
Afterword 231
Answers to Problems 233
Index 243
