Structural Optimization : Fundamentals and Applications

1 Problem Statement.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.1.1 Automated Structural Optimization.- 1.1.2 Structural Optimization Methods.- 1.1.3 Historical Perspective.- 1.1.4 Scope of Text.- 1.2 Analysis Models.- 1.2.1 Elastic Analysis.- 1.2.2 Plastic Analysis.- 1.3 General Formulation.- 1.3.1 Design Variables.- 1.3.2 Constraints.- 1.3.3 Objective Function.- 1.3.4 Mathematical Formulation.- 1.4 Typical Problem Formulations.- 1.4.1 Displacement Method Formulations.- 1.4.2 Force Method Formulations.- Exercises.- 2 Optimization Methods.- 2.1 Optimization Concepts.- 2.1.1 Unconstrained Minimum.- 2.1.2 Constrained Minimum.- 2.2 Unconstrained Minimization.- 2.2.1 Minimization Along a Line.- 2.2.2 Minimization of Functions of Several Variables.- 2.3 Constrained Minimization: Linear Programming.- 2.3.1 Introduction.- 2.3.2 Problem Formulation.- 2.3.3 Method of Solution.- 2.3.4 Further Considerations.- 2.4 Constrained Minimization: Nonlinear Programming.- 2.4.1 Sequential Unconstrained Minimization.- 2.4.2 The Method of Feasible Directions.- 2.4.3 Other Methods.- Exercises.- 3 Approximation Concepts.- 3.1 General Approximations.- 3.1.1 Design Sensitivity Analysis.- 3.1.2 Intermediate Variables.- 3.1.3 Sequential Approximations.- 3.2 Approximate Behavior Models.- 3.2.1 Basic Displacement Approximations.- 3.2.2 Combined Displacement Approximations.- 3.2.3 Homogeneous Functions.- 3.2.4 Displacement Approximations along a Line.- 3.2.5 Approximate Force Models.- Exercises.- 4 Design Procedures.- 4.1 Linear Programming Formulations.- 4.1.1 Plastic Design.- 4.1.2 Elastic Design.- 4.2 Feasible-Design Procedures.- 4.2.1 General Considerations.- 4.2.2 Optimization in Design Planes.- 4.3 Optimality Criteria Procedures.- 4.3.1 Stress Criteria.- 4.3.2 Displacement Criteria.- 4.3.3 Design Procedures.- 4.3.4 The Relationship Between OC and MP.- 4.4 Multilevel Optimal Design.- 4.4.1 General Formulation.- 4.4.2 Two-Level Design of Prestressed Concrete Systems.- 4.4.3 Multilevel Design of Indeterminate Systems.- 4.5 Optimal Design and Structural Control.- 4.5.1 Optimal Control of Structures.- 4.5.2 Improved Optimal Design by Structural Control.- 4.6 Geometrical Optimization.- 4.6.1 Simultaneous Optimization of Geometry and Cross Sections.- 4.6.2 Approximations and Multilevel Optimization.- 4.7 Topological Optimization.- 4.7.1 Problem Statement.- 4.7.2 Types of Optimal Topologies.- 4.7.3 Properties of Optimal Topologies.- 4.7.4 Approximations and Two-Stage Procedures.- 4.8 Interactive Layout Optimization.- 4.8.1 Optimization Programs.- 4.8.2 Graphical Interaction Programs.- 4.8.3 Design Procedure.- Exercises.- References.