Preface xi
Unit A: Data 1
Chapter 1. Collecting Data 2
1.1 The Structure of Data 4
1.2 Sampling from a Population 19
1.3 Experiments and Observational Studies 34
Chapter 2. Describing Data 56
2.1 Categorical Variables 58
2.2 One Quantitative Variable 78
2.3 One Quantitative Variable: Using Percentiles 98
2.4 Two Variable Relationships 119
2.5 Two Quantitative Variables: Linear Regression 147
2.6 Data Visualization and Multiple Variables 165
Unit A: Essential Synthesis 191
Review Exercises 203
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Unit B: Understanding Inference 225
Chapter 3. Confidence Intervals 226
3.1 Sampling Distributions 228
3.2 Understanding and Interpreting Confidence Intervals 246
3.3 Constructing Bootstrap Confidence Intervals 262
3.4 Bootstrap Confidence Intervals Using Percentiles 277
Chapter 4. Hypothesis Tests 294
4.1 Introducing Hypothesis Tests 296
4.2 Measuring Evidence with P-values 311
4.3 Determining Statistical Significance 333
4.4 A Closer Look at Testing 351
4.5 Making Connections 367
Unit B: Essential Synthesis 391
Review Exercises 401
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Unit C: Inference with Normal and t-Distributions 419
Chapter 5. Approximating with a Distribution 420
5.1 Hypothesis Tests Using Normal Distributions 422
5.2 Confidence Intervals Using Normal Distributions 438
Chapter 6. Inference for Means and Proportions 451
6.1 Inference for a Proportion
6.1-D Distribution of a Proportion 453
6.1-CI Confidence Interval for a Proportion 456
6.1-HT Hypothesis Test for a Proportion 463
6.2 Inference for a Mean
6.2-D Distribution of a Mean 468
6.2-CI Confidence Interval for a Mean 475
6.2-HT Hypothesis Test for a Mean 484
6.3 Inference for a Difference in Proportions
6.3-D Distribution of a Difference in Proportions 489
6.3-CI Confidence Interval for a Difference in Proportions 492
6.3-HT Hypothesis Test for a Difference in Proportions 497
6.4 Inference for a Difference in Means
6.4-D Distribution of a Difference in Means 505
6.4-CI Confidence Interval for a Difference in Means 508
6.4-HT Hypothesis Test for a Difference in Means 513
6.5 Paired Difference in Means 522
Unit C: Essential Synthesis 533
Review Exercises 545
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Unit D: Inference for Multiple Parameters 563
Chapter 7. Chi-Square Tests for Categorical Variables 564
7.1 Testing Goodness-of-Fit for a Single Categorical Variable 566
7.2 Testing for an Association between Two Categorical Variables 582
Chapter 8. ANOVA to Compare Means 598
8.1 Analysis of Variance 600
8.2 Pairwise Comparisons and Inference after ANOVA 625
Chapter 9. Inference for Regression 635
9.1 Inference for Slope and Correlation 637
9.2 ANOVA for Regression 655
9.3 Confidence and Prediction Intervals 667
Chapter 10. Multiple Regression 675
10.1 Multiple Predictors 677
10.2 Checking Conditions for a Regression Model 694
10.3 Using Multiple Regression 703
Unit D: Essential Synthesis 717
Review Exercises 731
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The Big Picture: Essential Synthesis 739
Exercises for the Big Picture: Essential Synthesis 753
Chapter P. Probability Basics 758
P.1 Probability Rules 760
P.2 Tree Diagrams and Bayes' Rule 771
P.3 Random Variables and Probability Functions 778
P.4 Binomial Probabilities 786
P.5 Density Curves and the Normal Distribution 793
Appendix A. Chapter Summaries 807
Appendix B. Selected Dataset Descriptions 819
Partial Answers 833
Index
General Index 861
Dataset Index 865
