Solidification, Second Edition

Overview Introduction Solidification processes References PART 1 FUNDAMENTALS AND MACROSCALE PHENOMENA Thermodynamics Introduction Thermodynamics of unary systems Binary alloys Departure from equilibrium Exercises References Phase diagrams Motivation Binary systems Ternary systems Exercises References Balance Equations Introduction Mass balance Momentum balance Energy balance Solute balance in multicomponent systems Scaling Exercises References Analytical solutions for solidification Introduction Solidification in a superheated melt Solidification in an undercooled melt The effect of curvature Exercises References Numerical methods for solidification Introduction Heat conduction without phase change Heat conduction with phase change Fluid flow Optimization and inverse methods Exercises References PART II MICROSTRUCTURE Nucleation Introduction Homogeneous nucleation Heterogeneous nucleation Mechanisms for grain refinement Exercises References Dendritic growth Introduction Free growth Constrained growth Growth of a needle crystal Convection and dendritic growth Phase-field methods Exercises References Eutectics, peritectics and microstructure selection Introduction Eutectics Peritectics Phase selection and coupled zone Exercises References Microsegregation and homogenization Introduction 1-D microsegregation models for binary alloys Homogenization and solution treatment Multicomponent alloys Exercises References Macro- and microstructures Introduction Equiaxed grains growing in a uniform temperature field Grains nucleating and growing in a thermal gradient Columnar grains Columnar-to-Equiaxed Transition Micro-macroscopic models Exercises References PART III DEFECTS Porosity Introduction Governing equations Interdendritic fluid flow and pressure drop Thermodynamics of gases in solution Nucleation and growth of pores Boundary conditions Application of the concepts Exercises References Deformation during solidification and hot tearing Introduction Thermomechanics of castings Deformation of the mushy zone Hot tearing Hot tearing criteria and models Exercises References Macrosegregation Introduction Macrosegregation during planar front solidification Composition field and governing equations Macrosegregation induced by solidification shrinkage Macrosegragation induced by fluid flow Macrosegregation induced by solid movement Exercises References