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Fundamentals of Acoustics, Modelling, Simulation, Algorithms and Acoustic Virtual Reality

By: Michael Vorlander

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Hardcover | 26 October 2007

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Hardcover
352 Pages

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24.1 x 16.6 x 2.7

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Auralization is the creation of audible acoustic sceneries from computer-generated data. The term "auralization" is to be understood as being analogue to the well-known technique of "visualization". In visual illustration of scenes, data or any other meaningful information, in movie animation and in computer graphics, we describe the process of "making visible" as visualization. In acoustics, auralization is taking place when acoustic effects, primary sound signals or means of sound reinforcement or sound transmission, are processed to be presented by using electro-acoustic equipment. This book is organized as comprehensive collection of basics, methodology and strategies of acoustic simulation and auralization. With mathematical background of advanced students the reader will be able to follow the main strategy of auralization easily and work own implementations of auralization in various fields of applications in acoustic engineering, sound design and virtual reality. For readersinterested in basic research the technique of auralization may be useful to create sound stimuli for specific investigations in linguistic, medical, neurological and psychological research and in the field of human-machine interaction.

Industry Reviews

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"Particularly attractive about this book is its very complete coverage of auralization techniques, presenting applications not only in room acoustics but also in sound insulation and in other noise control engineering applications, as well as in real-time virtual reality. ... The book serves as an excellent overview of the auralization technique and gives around 230 references for more detailed studies... . Being very much up-to-date today, we can expect that it will stay so far years to come." (Peter Svensson, Sprachrohr, Issue 45, 2008)

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You Can Find This Book In

Non-Fiction Computing & I.T.Computer Science Audio Processing Virtual Reality Science Physics Classical Mathematics Wave Mechanics including Vibration & Acoustics Graphical & Digital Media Applications 3D Graphics & Modelling Engineering & Technology

Mechanical Engineering & Materials Mechanical Engineering Energy Technology & Engineering Electrical Engineering Electronics & Communications Engineering Electronics Engineering Digital Signal Processing (DSP)

Introduction	p. 1
Fundamentals of acoustics	p. 7
Sound field equations and the wave equation	p. 8
Sound field quantities	p. 9
Derivation of the wave equation	p. 10
Plane waves in fluid media	p. 13
Plane harmonic waves	p. 15
Wideband waves and signals	p. 15
Energy and level	p. 16
Sound intensity	p. 19
Level arithmetic	p. 20
Frequency bands	p. 21
Sound sources	p. 23
Spherical waves	p. 23
Harmonic monopole source and sound power	p. 24
Pulsating sphere and radiation impedance	p. 26
Multipoles and extended sources	p. 28
Spherical harmonics	p. 31
Sound propagation	p. 35
Reflection of plane waves at an impedance plane	p. 35
Examples of wall impedances	p. 37
Spherical wave above impedance plane	p. 41
Scattering	p. 42
Object scattering	p. 42
Surface scattering	p. 43
Diffraction	p. 47
Refraction	p. 48
Attenuation	p. 49
Doppler effect	p. 51
Sound fields in cavities and in rooms	p. 53
Cavities	p. 53
Modes	p. 54
Boundary conditions	p. 56
Geometrical acoustics	p. 58
Statistical reverberation theory	p. 59
Reverberation	p. 61
Steady-state energy density and level	p. 63
Structure-borne sound	p. 69
Waves in solid media	p. 69
Waves on plates and their radiation	p. 72
Finite-size plates	p. 75
Internal losses and structural reverberation time	p. 75
Vibrational transmission over junctions	p. 76
Psychoacoustics	p. 79
Anatomy of the peripheral hearing system	p. 79
Psychoacoustic characterization	p. 81
Loudness	p. 82
Temporal masking	p. 84
Time-varying loudness	p. 84
Sharpness	p. 84
Fluctuation strength	p. 85
Roughness	p. 85
Tonality, pitch, pitch strength	p. 85
Binaural hearing	p. 86
Head-related transfer functions	p. 87
Artificial heads	p. 90
Hearing in rooms	p. 92
Reverberance	p. 94
Strength	p. 96
Speech intelligibility and transparence	p. 96
Spatial impression	p. 98
Spatial variations in a room	p. 100
Estimation of the monaural subjective parameters	p. 101
Signal processing for auralization	p. 103
The concept of auralization	p. 103
Fundamentals of signal processing	p. 106
Signals and systems	p. 106
Impulse response and transfer function	p. 107
Fourier transformation	p. 110
Analogue-to-digital conversion	p. 112
Discrete Fourier transformation	p. 115
Fast Fourier transformation	p. 116
Sources of errors, leakage and time windows	p. 117
Digital filters	p. 119
Characterization of sources	p. 123
Airborne sound sources	p. 123
Multipole synthesis	p. 124
Musical instruments	p. 126
Singing voice	p. 128
Speaking voice	p. 129
Anechoic recordings	p. 129
Structure-borne sound sources	p. 133
General approach	p. 133
3-D force sources	p. 135
Convolution and sound synthesis	p. 137
Discrete convolution	p. 137
FFT convolution	p. 139
Segmented convolution	p. 139
Binaural synthesis	p. 141
Binaural mixing console	p. 143
Spatial resolution of HRTF	p. 145
Simulation models	p. 147
Simulation methods for sound and vibrational fields	p. 147
Reciprocity	p. 150
Frequency domain models	p. 153
Time domain models	p. 162
Two-port models	p. 166
Transfer path models	p. 170
Other models	p. 173
Simulation of sound in rooms	p. 175
General	p. 175
CAD room model	p. 176
Absorption coefficients	p. 180
Scattering coefficients	p. 181
Stochastic ray tracing	p. 181
Point-in-polygon test	p. 184
Detectors	p. 185
Presentation of results	p. 186
Curved surfaces	p. 188
Reproducibility in stochastic ray tracing	p. 190
Computation times versus uncertainties - case studies	p. 197
Image source model	p. 199
Classical model	p. 199
Audibility test	p. 202
Limitations	p. 204
Diffraction	p. 206
Reduction of computational load by preprocessing	p. 207
Hybrid image source models (deterministic ray tracing)	p. 210
Systematic uncertainties of geometrical acoustics	p. 213
Hybrid models in room acoustics	p. 216
Hybrid deterministic-stochastic models	p. 217
Construction of binaural room impulse responses	p. 222
Simulation and auralization of airborne sound insulation	p. 227
Definitions of airborne sound transmission	p. 228
Sound insulation of building elements	p. 229
Sound insulation of buildings	p. 233
Flanking transmission	p. 235
Sound transmission prediction models	p. 235
Auralization of airborne sound insulation	p. 238
Simulation and auralization of structure-borne sound	p. 245
Definitions of impact sound transmission	p. 245
Impact sound model	p. 246
Impact sound auralization	p. 249
Structure-borne interaction model	p. 251
Binaural transfer path synthesis	p. 255
Source identification and characterization	p. 257
Airborne sound sources	p. 258
Structure-borne sound sources	p. 261
Transfer path characterization	p. 262
Auralization in BTPS	p. 264
Aspects of real-time processing	p. 267
Real-time binaural synthesis	p. 268
HRTF in multiple degrees of freedom	p. 269
Room acoustical real-time auralization	p. 270
Source and receiver	p. 271
Real-time processing of image sources	p. 272
Real-time modelling of reverberation	p. 275
Hybrid real-time room auralization	p. 277
3-D sound reproduction and virtual reality systems	p. 279
Headphone systems	p. 280
Headphone equalization for binaural signals	p. 283
Individual filters	p. 284
Loudspeaker systems	p. 287
VBAP surround sound	p. 288
Ambisonics	p. 288
Wave field synthesis	p. 289
Binaural loudspeaker technology	p. 293
VR technology and integrated VR systems	p. 298
Annex	p. 303
Material data	p. 303
Tables of random-incidence absorption coefficients, [gamma]	p. 304
Tables of random-incidence scattering coefficients, s	p. 311
Tables of sound reduction indices, R	p. 316
References	p. 319
Index	p. 331
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

Rwthedition

Fundamentals of Acoustics, Modelling, Simulation, Algorithms and Acoustic Virtual Reality

At a Glance

Hardcover

Industry Reviews

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