Proteins

1. Introduction Susanne C. Feil, Galina Polekhina, Michael A. Gorman and Michael W. Parker Abstract Introduction Nomenclature Three???Dimensional Structures of Pore???Forming Proteins Membrane Binding Oligomerization Common Features of Membrane Insertion Conclusion 2. Energetics of Peptide and Protein Binding to Lipid Membranes William C. Wimley Abstract The Lipid Bilayer Phase Hydrophobic Interactions Electrostatic Interactions Additivity between Electrostatic and Hydrophobic Interactions The Influence of Peptide and Protein Structure Specific Interactions Specificity: The Formation of Ordered Pores Promiscuity: Membrane???Permeabilization by Interfacial Activity Conclusion 3. Membrane Association and Pore Formation by Alpha???Helical Peptides Burkhard Bechinger Abstract Introduction Alamethicin and Other Peptaibols Cationic Amphipathic Antimicrobial Peptides Membrane Proteins Conclusion 4. Role of Membrane Lipids for the Activity of Pore Forming Peptides and Proteins Gustavo Fuertes, Diana Gim??nez, Santi Esteban???Mart??n, Ana J. Garc??a???S??ez, Orlando S??nchez and Jes??s Salgado Abstract Introduction Membrane Interfaces Are Ideal Binding Sites for Pore???Forming Peptides and Proteins A Membrane Foldase Activity Configures Peptide and Protein Active Structures Role of Lipids in the Formation and Stabilization of Pores Physical Properties of Polypeptide???Induced Pores Related to the Role of Lipids Conclusion 5. Cholesterol???Dependent Cytolysins Robert J.C. Gilbert Abstract Functional Studies on CDCs Membrane binding by CDCs Pore Formation by CDCs Proteolipid Pores Oligomerisation- A Mechanism for Membrane Insertion Complex Effects of CDCs and Related Protiens Conclusion 6. Laetiporus sulphureus Lectin and Aerolysin Protein Family Jos?? Miguel Manche??o, Hiroaki Tateno, Daniel Sher and Irwin J. Goldstein Abstract Introduction Pore???Forming Hemolytic Lectins A New Member within the Aerolysin Family: The Crystal Structure of LSLa Oligomeric State of Water???Soluble LSLa A Common Aerolysin???Like Pore???Forming Module Structure? Other New Members in the Aerolysin Family: Basic Aerolysin Pore???Forming Motifs? Conclusion 7. Interfa cial Interactions of Pore-Forming Colicins Helen Ridley, Christopher L. Johnson and Jeremy H. Lakey Abstract Introduction Structures Receptor Binding Translocation Crossing the Periplasm Inner Membrane Inserted Forms Conclusion 8. Permeabilization of the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane by Bcl???2 Proteins Ana J. Garc??a???S??ez, Gustavo Fuertes, Jacob Suckale and Jes??s Salgado Abstract Introduction The Structure of the Bcl???2 Proteins Pore???Forming Properties of Bcl???2 Proteins Regulation of MOM Permeabilization by Bcl???2 Proteins Conclusion 9. Molecular Mechanism of Sphingomyelin???Specific Membrane Binding and Pore Formation by Actinoporins Biserka Bakra?? and Gregor Anderluh Abstract Introduction Structural Properties of Actinoporins Actinoporins Specifically Bind Sphingomyelin as the First Step in Pore Formation Flexibility of the N???Terminal Region is Required for Pore Formation Pore Formation Involves Nonlamellar Lipid Structures Similarity to Other Proteins Conclusion 10. Hemolysin E (HlyE, ClyA, SheA) and Related Toxins Stuart Hunt, Jeffrey Green and Peter J. Artymiuk Abstract Introduction Regulation of hlyE Expression Structural Studies on HlyE Process of Membrane Insertion HlyE Secretion and Exploitation in Vaccine Development and Tumour Targeting HlyE???Like Toxins from Bacillus cereus Conclusion 11. Pore formation by Cry toxins Mario Sober??n, Liliana Pardo, Carlos Mu????z???Garay, Jorge S??nchez, Isabel G??mez, Helena Porta and Alejandra Bravo Abstract Introduction Mechanism of Action of Cry Toxins Solubilization and Proteolytic Activation of Cry toxins Binding Interaction with Receptors Role of Cry toxin???Receptor Interaction in Toxicity Oligomerization of Cry toxins Pore formation Synergism between Cry and Cyt toxins Conclusion 12. Role of Hepa ran Sulfa tes and Glycosphingolipids in the Pore Formation of Basic Polypeptides of Cobra Cardiotoxin Wen???guey Wu, Siu???Cin Tjong, Po???long Wu, Je???hung Kuo and Karen Wu Abstract Introduction Amphiphilic Properties of Three???Fingered CTXs Diverse Targets of CTX Homologues CTX A3 Pores in Sulfatide Containing Membranes Pore Formations also Trigger Endocytosis HS Facilitate Cell Surface Retention of CTXs HS Stabilizes Membrane Bound Form of CTX From HS to Membrane Sulfatides Peripheral Binding Modes Lipid Headgroup Conformational Change to Facilitate CTX Insertion Pore Dynamics Conclusion 13. Amyloid Peptide Pores and The Beta Sheet Conformation Bruce L. Kagan and Jyothi Thundimadathil Abstract Introduction Aggregation and Fibril Formation: Hallmark of Amyloid Peptides Interaction of Amyloid Peptides and Membranes during Ion Channel Formation Similarities between Pore???Forming Toxins and Amyloid Pores B???Sheet Peptide Pores Mechanism of Ion Channel Formation by Beta Sheet Peptides Conclusion Index