Pattern Formation in Granular Materials

By: S. GroÃ?mann (Foreword by), Gerald H. Ristow

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Hardcover | 1 January 2000

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Hardcover
180 Pages

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24.77 x 16.51 x 1.91

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Granular materials are an integral part of our everyday life. They are also the base material for most industrial processing techniques. The highly dissipative nature of the particle collisions means energy input is needed in order to mobilize the grains. This interplay of dissipation and excitation leads to a wide variety of pattern formation processes, which are addressed in this book. The reader is introduced to this wide field by, first, a description of the material properties of granular materials under different experimental conditions that are important in connection with the pattern formation dynamics and, second, by further details given later on in the description of the specific system.

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Non-Fiction Engineering & Technology Mechanical Engineering & Materials Materials Science Science Physics Classical Mathematics Fluid Mechanics Materials & States of Matter Condensed Matter Physics including Liquid State & Solid State Physics Industrial Chemistry & Manufacturing Technologies

Introduction	p. 1
Some Experimental Phenomena of Granular Materials	p. 5
Shear Flow	p. 5
Dilatancy	p. 6
Solid-Fluid Transition	p. 7
Convection Rolls	p. 8
Free-Surface Flow	p. 9
Inclination Angle	p. 10
Density and Stress Fluctuations	p. 11
Commonly Used Materials	p. 11
Vertical Shaking	p. 13
Heap Formation	p. 13
Convective Motion	p. 17
Surface Patterns	p. 22
Surface Waves	p. 23
Stationary Patterns	p. 24
Compactification and Clustering	p. 29
Compactification	p. 30
Clustering	p. 32
Segregation	p. 32
Horizontal Shaking	p. 37
Solid-Fluid Transition	p. 37
Critical-Point Exponents	p. 42
Crystallization	p. 43
Convection Rolls	p. 45
Surface Patterns	p. 46
Lifting the Hysteresis by Gas Flow	p. 48
Inverted Funnel Flow in Hoppers	p. 49
Stratification	p. 51
Experimental Findings	p. 51
Discrete Models	p. 57
Model Based on Angle of Repose	p. 57
Model Based on Energy Dissipation	p. 58
Continuum Model	p. 58
Model Description	p. 58
Steady-State Profiles	p. 60
Stability Analysis	p. 61
Thin-Flow Regime	p. 62
Dependence on Geometry	p. 62
Conical Hopper	p. 67
Segregation During Filling	p. 67
Static Wall Stresses	p. 68
Outflow Rate	p. 68
Dependence on Orifice	p. 69
Dependence on Silo Geometry	p. 70
Flow Regions	p. 71
Segregation During Outflow	p. 73
Density Waves	p. 74
Dynamic Wall Stresses	p. 77
Silo Design to Decrease the Stress Fluctuations	p. 79
Rotating Drum	p. 81
Different Flow Regimes	p. 81
Avalanches	p. 82
Continuous Surface Flow	p. 85
Centrifugal Regime	p. 88
Segregation	p. 90
Radial Size Segregation	p. 91
Radial Density Segregation	p. 96
Interplay of Size and Density Segregation	p. 99
Friction-Induced Segregation	p. 99
End-Longitudinal Segregation	p. 101
Axial Segregation	p. 102
Axial Band and Wave Dynamics	p. 105
Competition of Mixing and Radial Segregation	p. 107
Front Propagation and Radial Segregation	p. 111
Experimental Setup and Studies	p. 112
Approximation Through Diffusion Process	p. 115
Concentration-Dependent Diffusion Coefficient	p. 116
Calculation of Diffusion Coefficients	p. 119
Front Propagation with and Without Segregation	p. 123
Concluding Remarks and Outlook	p. 125
Numerical Methods Used to Study Granular Materials	p. 129
Monte Carlo Method	p. 129
Diffusing-Void Model	p. 130
Method of Steepest Descent	p. 130
Cellular Automata	p. 131
Event-Driven Simulations	p. 132
Time-Driven Simulations (Molecular Dynamics)	p. 133
Time-Integration Scheme	p. 133
Forces During Collisions	p. 134
Numerical Stability	p. 140
Comparison with Experiments	p. 141
Summary	p. 144
References	p. 145
Index	p. 159
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

Pattern Formation in Granular Materials

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Hardcover

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