Foreword xi
Acknowledgments xiii
The Emergence of 3D Spectroscopy in Astronomy 1
Scientific Rationale 1
3D History 4
3D Technology 9
Part I 3D Instrumentation 11
1 The Spectroscopic Toolbox 13
1.1 Introduction 13
1.2 Basic Spectroscopic Principles 18
1.3 Scanning Filters 20
1.4 Dispersers 25
1.5 2D Detectors 31
1.6 Optics and Coatings 36
1.7 Mechanics, Cryogenics and Electronics 45
1.8 Management, Timeline, and Cost 50
1.9 Conclusion 52
2 Multiobject Spectroscopy 61
2.1 Introduction 61
2.2 Slitless Based Multi-Object Spectroscopy 62
2.3 Multislit-Based Multiobject Spectroscopy 64
2.4 Fiber-Based Multiobject Spectroscopy 70
3 Scanning Imaging Spectroscopy 81
3.1 Introduction 81
3.2 Scanning Long-Slit Spectroscopy 81
3.3 Scanning Fabry-Perot Spectroscopy 83
3.4 Scanning Fourier Transform Spectroscopy 88
3.5 Conclusion: Comparing the Different Scanning Flavors 91
4 Integral Field Spectroscopy 95
4.1 Introduction 95
4.2 Lenslet-Based Integral Field Spectrometer 95
4.3 Fiber-Based Integral Field Spectrometer 102
4.4 Slicer-Based Integral Field Spectrograph 104
4.5 Conclusion: Comparing the Different IFS Flavors 108
5 Recent Trends in Integral Field Spectroscopy 115
5.1 Introduction 115
5.2 High-Contrast Integral Field Spectrometer 115
5.3 Wide-Field Integral Field Spectroscopy 117
5.4 An Example: Autopsy of the MUSEWide-Field Instrument 120
5.5 DeployableMultiobject Integral Field Spectroscopy 123
6 Comparing the Various 3D Techniques 129
6.1 Introduction 129
6.2 3D Spectroscopy Grasp Invariant Principle 129
6.3 3-D Techniques Practical Differences 130
6.4 A Tentative Rating 133
7 Future Trends in 3D Spectroscopy 137
7.1 3D Instrumentation for the ELTs 137
7.2 Photonics-Based Spectrograph 138
7.3 Quest for the Grail: Toward 3D Detectors? 144
7.4 Conclusion 146
7.5 For Further Reading 146
Part II Using 3D Spectroscopy 151
8 Data Properties 153
8.1 Introduction 153
8.2 Data Sampling and Resolution 153
8.3 Noise Properties 158
9 Impact of Atmosphere 167
9.1 Introduction 167
9.2 Basic Seeing Principles 168
9.3 Seeing-Limited Observations 172
9.4 Adaptive Optics Corrected Observations 173
9.5 Other Atmosphere Impacts 189
9.6 Space-Based Observations 192
9.7 Conclusion 194
10 Data Gathering 199
10.1 Introduction 199
10.2 Planning Observations 199
10.3 Estimating Observing Time 200
10.4 Observing Strategy 204
10.5 At the Telescope 206
10.6 Conclusion 209
11 Data Reduction 213
11.1 Introduction 213
11.2 Basics 214
11.3 Specific Cases 216
11.4 Data Reduction Example: The MUSE Scheme 219
11.5 Conclusion 236
12 Data Analysis 237
12.1 Introduction 237
12.2 Handling Data Cubes 237
12.3 Viewing Data Cubes 240
12.4 Conclusion 241
12.5 Further Reading 243
13 Conclusions 245
13.1 Conclusions 245
13.2 General-Use Instruments 245
13.3 Team-Use Instruments 250
13.4 The Bumpy Road to Success 251
References 253
Index 269
