Networking Vehicles to Everything

Chapter 1: Introduction ? 1 ? V2X objectives ? 6 ?V2X and D2D networking and connectivity ? 9 ?Technical challenges for V2X ? 10 ?Sensors ? 10 Computing ? 12 ?Networking ? 13 ?Society, ethics and politics ? 17 ?Outline ? 23 Chapter 2: Applications and Use Cases ? 27 ?Use cases up to 2005 ? 29 ?Between 2005 and 2011 ? 32 ?Use cases since 2011 ? 38 ?Conclusions ? 50 Chapter 3: V2X Requirements, Standards, and Regulations ? 59 ?Requirements ? 61 ?Sensors ? 65 ?Communications ? 66 ?Dynamic high-definition maps ? 69 ?Over-the-air updates ? 71 ?In-vehicle Infotainment ? 71 ?V2X networking and connectivity standards ? 73 ?V2X networking and connectivity regulation ? 79 ?Conclusions ? 85 Chapter 4: Technologies ? 89 ?Sensing ? 91 ?Computing ? 96 ?Communications ? 99 ?Software ? 105 ?HAD maps ? 108 ?Functional safety ? 111 ?Conclusions ? 113 Chapter 5: V2X networking and connectivity ? 121 IEEE 802.11p-based DSRC and ITS-G5 ? 121 LTE and 5G NR V2X ? 128 C-V2X Phase 1 where 3GPP works on LTE Vehicular Services ? 131 Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) Communications ? 137 Vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P, P2V) Communications ? 138 Vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I, I2V) Communications ? 138 Vehicle-to-network Communications (V2N, N2V) ? 139 Synchronization ? 140 Location Determination ? 142 C-V2X evolution toward Phase 2 and beyond ? 143 Chapter 6: Infotainment ? 151 Infotainment ? 152 Telematics and control ? 156 In-vehicle connectivity and networking ? 158 Conclusions ? 162 Chapter 7: Software Reconfiguration ? 167 Issues to Be Addressed by Software Reconfiguration ? 168 Problem statement 1: How to transfer and install radio software components to a target platform in a secure way ? 168 Problem statement 2: How to enable a user to access new software components ? 168 Problem statement 3: How to deal with device certification in the context of novel radio software components ? 169 Problem statement 4: How to achieve software portability and execution efficiency ? 169 Problem statement 5: How to enable a gradual evolution toward software reconfigurability ? 169 The Regulation Framework: Relationship Between Software Reconfigurability and the Radio Equipment Directive ? 169 Mobile Device Reconfiguration Classes: How the Level Of Reconfigurability Will Grow Over Time ? 172 The ETSI Reconfiguration Ecosystem ? 174 Code Efficiency and Portability Through the Radio Virtual Machine ? 180 Multi-Radio Interface (MURI) ? 184 RRS Software Reconfigurability For Hardware Updates ? 186 The ETSI Software Reconfiguration Solution in Comparison to Other Alternatives ? 187 ETSI Security Framework for Software Reconfiguration ? 188 Responsibility Management ? 190 Conclusion ? 193 Chapter 8: Outlook ? 195 Appendix A ? 203 List of acronyms ? 203 Index ? 251