About the Authors xi
List of Figures xiii
List of Tables xvii
Preface xix
1 The Opportunity 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 The Rise of Data 1
1.3 Realising Data as an Opportunity 3
1.4 Our Definition of Monetising Data 5
1.5 Guidance on the Rest of the Book 6
2 About Data and Data Science 9
2.1 Introduction 9
2.2 Internal and External Sources of Data 9
2.3 Scales of Measurement and Types of Data 13
2.4 Data Dimensions 17
2.5 Quality of Data 17
2.6 Importance of Information 20
2.7 Experiments Yielding Data 21
2.8 A Data?]readiness Scale for Companies 23
2.9 Data Science 27
2.10 Data Improvement Cycle 27
3 Big Data Handling, Storage and Solutions 29
3.1 Introduction 29
3.2 Big Data, Smart Data... 29
3.3 Big Data Solutions 31
3.4 Operational Systems supporting Business Processes 33
3.5 Analysis?]based Information Systems 35
3.6 Structured Data - Data Warehouses 38
3.7 Poly?]structured (Unstructured) Data - NoSQL Technologies 43
3.8 Data Structures and Latency 46
3.9 Data Marts 47
4 Data Mining as a Key Technique for Monetisation 49
4.1 Introduction 49
4.2 Population and Sample 49
4.3 Supervised and Unsupervised Methods 50
4.4 Knowledge?]discovery Techniques 52
4.5 Theory of Modelling 53
4.6 The Data Mining Process 54
5 Background and Supporting Statistical Techniques 71
5.1 Introduction 71
5.2 Variables 72
5.3 Key Performance Indicators 74
5.4 Taming the Data 74
5.5 Data Visualisation and Exploration of Data 77
5.6 Basic Statistics 89
5.7 Feature Selection and Reduction of Variables 100
5.8 Sampling 105
5.9 Statistical Methods for Proving Model Quality and Generalisability and Tuning Models 107
6 Data Analytics Methods for Monetisation 121
6.1 Introduction 121
6.2 Predictive Modelling Techniques 123
6.3 Pattern Detection Methods 141
6.4 Methods in practice 155
7 Monetisation of Data and Business Issues: Overview 163
7.1 Introduction 163
7.2 General Strategic Opportunities 164
7.3 Data as a Donation 166
7.4 Data as a Resource 172
7.5 Data Leading to New Business Opportunities 180
7.6 Information Brokering using Data 184
7.7 Connectivity as a Strategic Opportunity 185
7.8 Problem?]solving Methodology 186
8 How to Create Profit Out of Data 187
8.1 Introduction 187
8.2 Business
8.3 Data
Product Design 196
8.4 Value of Data 197
8.5 Charging Mechanisms 199
8.6 Connectivity as an Opportunity for Streamlining a Business 201
9 Some Practicalities of Monetising Data 203
9.1 Introduction 203
9.2 Practicalities 203
9.3 Special focus on SMEs 209
9.4 Special Focus on B2B Lead Generation 214
9.5 Legal and Ethical Issues 223
9.6 Payments 231
9.7 Innovation 232
10 Case Studies 233
10.1 Job Scheduling in Utilities 236
10.2 Shipping 242
10.3 Online Sales or Mail Order 246
10.4 Intelligent Profiling with Loyalty Card Schemes 254
10.5 Social Media: A Mechanism to Collect and Use Contributor Data 262
10.6 Making a Business out of Boring Statistics 267
10.7 Social Media and Web Intelligence Services 271
10.8 Service Provider 275
10.9 Data Source 278
10.10 Industry 4.0: Metamodelling using Simulated Data 281
10.11 Industry 4.0: Modelling Pricing Data in Manufacturing 288
10.12 Monetising Data in an SME 292
10.13 Making Sense of Public Finance and Other Data 297
10.14 Benchmarking Who is the Best in the Market 299
10.15 Change of Shopping Habits Part I 302
10.16 Change of Shopping Habits Part II 308
10.17 Change of Shopping Habits Part III 311
10.18 Service Providers, Households and Facility Management 315
10.19 Insurance, Healthcare and Risk Management 319
10.20 Mobility and Connected Cars 322
10.21 Production and Automation in Industry 4.0 326
Bibliography 331
Glossary 341
Index 357
