MAX Phases

INTRODUCTION
Introduction
History of the MAX Phases

STRUCTURE, BONDING, AND DEFECTS
Introduction
Atom Coordinates, Stacking Sequences, and Polymorphic Transformations
Lattice Parameters, Bond Lengths, and Interlayer Thicknesses
Theoretical Considerations
To Be or Not to Be
Distortion of Octahedra and Trigonal Prisms
Solid Solutions
Defects
Summary and Conclusions

ELASTIC PROPERTIES, RAMAN AND INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY
Introduction
Elastic Constants
Young's Modulus and Shear Modulus
Poisson's Ratios
Bulk Moduli
Extrema in Elastic Properties
Effect of Temperature on Elastic Properties
Raman Spectroscopy
Infrared Spectroscopy
Summary and Conclusions

THERMAL PROPERTIES
Introduction
Thermal Conductivities
Atomic Displacement Parameters
Heat Capacities
Thermal Expansion
Thermal Stability
Summary and Conclusions

ELECTRONIC, OPTICAL, AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
Introduction
Electrical Resistivities, Hall Coefficients, and Magnetoresistances
Seebeck Coefficients, Theta
Optical Properties
Magnetic Properties
Superconducting Properties
Summary and Conclusions

OXIDATION AND REACTIVITY WITH OTHER GASES
Introduction
Ti3SiC2
Tin+1AlXn
Solid Solutions between Ti3AlC2 and Ti3SiC2
Cr2AlC
Nb2AlC and (Ti0.5,Nb0.5)2AlC
Ti2SC
V2AlC and (Ti0.5,V0.5)2AlC
Ti3GeC2 and Ti3(Si,Ge)C2
Ta2AlC
Ti2SnC, Nb2SnC, and Hf2SnC
Ti2InC, Zr2InC, (Ti0.5, Hf0.5)2InC, and (Ti0.5,Zr0.5)2InC
Sulfur Dioxide, SO2
Anhydrous Hydrofluoric, HF, Gas
Chlorine Gas
Summary and Conclusions
Appendix

CHEMICAL REACTIVITY
Introduction
Diffusivitiy of M and A Atoms
Reactions with Si, C, Metals, and Intermetallics
Reactions with Molten Salts
Reactions with Common Acids and Bases
Summary and Conclusions

DISLOCATIONS, KINKING NONLINEAR ELASTICITY, AND DAMPING
Introduction
Dislocations and Their Arrangements
Kink Band Formation in Crystalline Solids
Incipient Kink Bands
Microscale Model for Kinking Nonlinear Elasticity
Experimental Verification of the IKB Model
Effect of Porosity
Experimental Evidence for IKBs
Why Microcracking Cannot Explain Kinking Nonlinear Elasticity
The Preisach -
Mayergoyz Model
Damping
Nonlinear Dynamic Effects
Summary and Conclusions

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES: AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Introduction
Response of Quasi-Single Crystals to Compressive Loads
Response of Polycrystalline Samples to Compressive Stresses
Response of Polycrystalline Samples to Shear Stresses
Response of Polycrystalline Samples to Flexure Stresses
Response of Polycrystalline Samples to Tensile Stresses
Hardness
Fracture Toughness and R-Curve Behavior
Fatigue Resistance
Damage Tolerance
Micromechanisms Responsible for High K1c, R-Curve Behavior, and Fatigue Response
Thermal Sock Resistance
Strain Rate Effects
Solid Solution Hardening and Softeing
Machinability
Summary and Conclusions

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES: HIGH TEMPERATURES
Introduction
Plastic Anisotropy, Internal Stresses, and Deformation Mechanisms
Creep
Response to Other Stress States
Summary and Conclusions

EPILOGUE
Outstanding Scientific Questions
MAX Phase Potential Applications
Forming Processes and Sintering
Outstanding Technological Issues
Some Final Comments

INDEX