Introduction xix
Chapter 1 • Introduction to Virtualization and Microsoft Solutions 1
The Evolution of the Datacenter 1
One Box, One Operating System 1
How Virtualization Has Changed the Way Companies Work and Its Key Values 5
History of Hyper-V 10
Windows Server 2008 Hyper-V Features 12
Windows Server 2008 R2 Changes 13
Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 115
Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V Changes 16
Windows Server 2012 R2 22
Windows Server 2016 24
Licensing of Hyper-V 26
One Operating System (Well Two, but Really One) with Windows Server 2012 and 2012 R2 26
Windows Server 2016 Changes to Licensing and Versions 29
Choosing the Version of Hyper-V 31
The Role of System Center with Hyper-V 32
System Center Confi guration Manager33
System Center Virtual Machine Manager and App Controller 34
System Center Operations Manager 34
System Center Data Protection Manager 35
System Center Service Manager 35
System Center Orchestrator 36
Clouds and Services 36
The Bottom Line 38
Chapter 2 • Virtual Machine Resource Fundamentals 41
Understanding VMBus 41
The Anatomy of a Virtual Machine 44
Generation 1 Virtual Machine 45
Generation 2 Virtual Machine 50
VMCX Configuration File 53
VM Configuration Versions 54
Processor Resources 55
Virtual Processor to Logical Processor Scheduling 58
Processor Assignment 60
NUMA Support 66
Memory Resources 69
Dynamic Memory 69
Runtime Memory Resize 75
Virtual Storage 77
VHD 78
VHDX 79
Creating a Virtual Hard Disk 80
Pass-Through Storage 83
Discrete Device Assignment 83
The Bottom Line 86
Chapter 3 • Virtual Networking 89
Virtual Switch Fundamentals 89
Three Types of Virtual Switches 89
Creating a Virtual Switch 92
Extensible Switch 94
VLANs and PVLANS 99
Understanding VLANs 99
VLANs and Hyper-V 102
PVLANs 104
How SCVMM Simplifies Networking with Hyper-V 107
SCVMM Networking Architecture 108
Deploying Networking with SCVMM 2016 114
Network Virtualization 129
Network Virtualization Overview 130
Network Controller 135
Software Load Balancer 137
Gateways 140
Datacenter Firewall 141
UDR, Port Mirroring, and Virtual Appliances 144
Implementing Network Virtualization 145
Summary 147
VMQ, RSS, and SR-IOV 148
SR-IOV 148
VMQ 151
RSS and vRSS 154
NIC Teaming 157
Host Virtual Adapters and Types of Networks Needed in a Hyper-V Host 160
Types of Guest Network Adapters 165
Monitoring Virtual Traffic 169
The Bottom Line 171
Chapter 4 • Storage Configurations 173
Storage Fundamentals and VHDX 173
Types of Controllers 176
Common VHDX Maintenance Actions 177
Dynamic VHDX Resize 179
Storage Spaces and Windows as a Storage Solution 180
Storage Space Basics 181
Using Storage Spaces 182
Windows Server 2012 R2 Storage Space Changes 184
Windows Server 2016 Storage Space Changes 186
Storage Replica 193
Storage Spaces Direct and Storage Replica Together 197
Server Message Block Usage 197
SMB Technologies 198
SMB for Hyper-V Storage 203
iSCSI with Hyper-V 205
Using the Windows iSCSI Target 206
Using the Windows iSCSI Initiator 207
Considerations for Using iSCSI 209
Understanding Virtual Fibre Channel 209
Leveraging Shared VHDX and VHD Sets 216
Data Deduplication and Hyper-V 220
Storage Quality of Service 222
SAN Storage and SCVMM 227
The Bottom Line 229
Chapter 5 • Managing Hyper-V 231
Installing Hyper-V231
Using Configuration Levels 233
Windows Server 2016 and Nano Server 235
Enabling the Hyper-V Role 243
Actions after Installation of Hyper-V 245
Deploying Hyper-V Servers with SCVMM 247
Hyper-V Management Tools 248
Using Hyper-V Manager 250
Core Actions Using PowerShell 255
VM Groups 259
PowerShell Direct 260
Securing the Hyper-V Server 261
Creating and Managing a Virtual Machine 262
Shielded VMs and Host Guardian Service 266
Review of Shielded VMs and Host Guardian Service 267
Deploying Shielded VMs 269
Creating and Using Hyper-V Templates 278
Hyper-V Integration Services and Supported Operating Systems 287
Migrating Physical Servers and Virtual Machines to Hyper-V Virtual Machines 291
Upgrading and Migrating from Previous Versions 293
Stand-Alone Hosts 294
Clusters 294
The Bottom Line 298
Chapter 6 • Maintaining a Hyper-V Environment 299
Patch Planning and Implementation 299
Leveraging WSUS 300
Patching Hyper-V Clusters 301
Malware Configurations 304
Backup Planning 305
Defragmentation with Hyper-V 309
Using Checkpoints 312
Using Service Templates 317
Performance Tuning and Monitoring with Hyper-V 320
Resource Metering 324
Monitoring 329
The Bottom Line 330
Chapter 7 • Failover Clustering and Migration Technologies 333
Failover Clustering Basics 333
Understanding Quorum and Why It’s Important 335
Quorum Basics 336
Modifying Cluster Vote Configuration 343
Advanced Quorum Options and Forcing Quorums 345
Geographically Distributed Clusters 347
Why Use Clustering with Hyper-V? 350
Service Monitoring 351
Protected Network 353
Cluster-Aware Updating 354
Where to Implement High Availability 356
Configuring a Hyper-V Cluster 358
Cluster Network Requirements and Configurations 359
Performing Cluster Validation 369
Creating a Cluster 373
Creating Clusters with SCVMM 373
Using Cluster Shared Volumes 376
Making a Virtual Machine a Clustered Virtual Machine 381
Live Migration 383
Windows Server 2012 Live Migration Enhancements 386
Live Storage Move 388
Shared Nothing Live Migration 392
Configuring Constrained Delegation 394
Initiating Simultaneous Migrations Using PowerShell 397
Windows Server 2012 R2 Live Migration Enhancements 397
Dynamic Optimization and Resource Balancing 398
The Bottom Line 405
Chapter 8 • Hyper-V Replica and Cloud Orchestration 407
The Need for Disaster Recovery and DR Basics 407
Asynchronous vs Synchronous Replication 409
Introduction to Hyper-V Replica 410
Enabling Hyper-V Replica 412
Configuring Hyper-V Replica 414
Using Hyper-V Replica Broker 421
Performing Hyper-V Replica Failover 422
Sizing a Hyper-V Replica Solution 428
Using Hyper-V Replica Cloud Orchestration for Automated Failover with Azure Site Recovery 430
Overview of Hyper-V Protection with Azure Site Recovery 431
Getting Started with ASR R 434
Architecting the Right Disaster-Recovery Solution 435
The Bottom Line436
Chapter 9 • Implementing the Private Cloud, SCVMM, and Microsoft Azure Stack 437
The Benefits of the Private Cloud 437
Private Cloud Components 442
SCVMM Fundamentals 444
Major New Capabilities in SCVMM 2016 444
Installation 445
SCVMM Management Console 448
Libraries 452
Creating a Private Cloud by Using System Center Virtual Machine Manager 455
Granting Users Access to the Private Cloud 463
Enabling Workflows and Advanced Private Cloud Concepts by Using Service Manager and Orchestrator 463
Utilizing Windows Azure Pack 466
How the Rest of System Center Fits into Your Private Cloud Architecture 468
Understanding Microsoft Azure Stack 471
Architecture 473
Types of Deployment 476
What Does Azure Stack Mean? 476
Where Does System Center and Operations Management Suite Fit with Azure Stack 477
The Bottom Line 477
Chapter 10 • Containers and Docker 479
Challenge of Application Deployment 479
Hyper-V Nested Virtualization 480
Windows Container Fundamentals 481
Windows Server Containers vsHyper-V Containers 484
Docker 486
Installing the Container Feature 488
Creating and Managing Containers 490
Configuring Networking 490
Creating and Interacting with Containers 498
Understanding Storage for Containers 503
Integrating Active Directory 504
Working with Image Registries 504
Patching and Updating 505
Using Containers in Your Organization 505
The Bottom Line 506
Chapter 11 • Remote Desktop Services 507
Remote Desktop Services and Bring Your Own Device 507
Microsoft Desktop and Session Virtualization Technologies 512
RD Web Access 514
RD Connection Broker 515
RD Virtualization Host 516
RD Gateway 516
Requirements for a Complete Desktop Virtualization Solution 517
Creating the VDI Template 522
Deploying a New VDI Collection Using Scenario-Based Deployment 524
Personal Session Desktops 530
Using RemoteFX 532
Remote Desktop Protocol Capabilities 538
Using Multipoint Services 541
Choosing the Right Desktop Virtualization Technology 542
The Bottom Line 546
Chapter 12 • Microsoft Azure IaaS, Storage, and Networking 547
Understanding Public Cloud “as a Service” 547
When Are Public Cloud Services the Best Solution? 549
Microsoft Azure 101 553
Microsoft Azure Compute 554
Capabilities of Azure IaaS and How It Is Purchased 555
Creating Virtual Machines in Azure IaaS 566
Availability Sets 568
Azure Storage 570
Virtual Networks 576
Linking On-Premises Networks with Azure IaaS 578
Managing with PowerShell 580
Migrating Virtual Machines Between Hyper-V and Azure IaaS 584
The Bottom Line 585
Chapter 13 • Bringing It All Together with a Best-of-Breed Cloud Solution 587
Which Is the Right Technology to Choose? 587
Consider the Public Cloud 588
Decide If a Server Workload Should Be Virtualized 593
Do I Want a Private Cloud? 595
Enabling Single-Pane-of-Glass Management 596
The Bottom Line 598
Appendix • The Bottom Line 599
Chapter 1: Introduction to Virtualization and Microsoft Solutions 599
Chapter 2: Virtual Machine Resource Fundamentals 600
Chapter 3: Virtual Networking 601
Chapter 4: Storage Confi gurations 602
Chapter 5: Managing Hyper-V 603
Chapter 6: Maintaining a Hyper-V Environment 604
Chapter 7: Failover Clustering and Migration Technologies 605
Chapter 8: Hyper-V Replica and Cloud Orchestration 605
Chapter 9: Implementing the Private Cloud, SCVMM, and Microsoft Azure Stack 606
Chapter 10: Containers and Docker 607
Chapter 11: Remote Desktop Services 608
Chapter 12: Microsoft Azure IaaS, Storage, and Networking 609
Chapter 13: Bringing It All Together with a Best-of-Breed Cloud Solution 610
Index 611
