Making Parks Work

List of Figures xiii List of Tables xv Preface xvii Part I * Introduction 1. Why the World Needs Parks 3 John Terborgh and Carel van Schaik 2. Integrated Conservation and Development Projects: Problems and Potential 15 Carel van Schaik and Herman D. Rijksen 3. The History of Protection: Paradoxes of the Past and Challenges for the Future 30 Lisa Davenport andMadhu Rao Part II * Case Studies 4. Scenes from the Front Lines of Conservation 53 Peter A. Frykholm AFRICA 5. West Africa: Tropical Forest Parks on the Brink 57 John E Oates 6. Parks in the Congo Basin: Can Conservation and Development Be Reconciled? 76 Caroline E. G. Tutin 7. Conservation in Anarchy: Key Conditions for Successful Conservation of the Okapi Faunal Reserve 86 Terese Hart 8. Strategies for Conserving Forest National Parks in Africa with a Case Study from Uganda 97 Thomas T. Struhsaker 9. Making a Rain Forest National Park Work in Madagascar: Ranoma- fana National Park and Its Long-term Research Commitment 112 Patricia C Wright and Benjamin Andriamihaja LATIN AMERICA 10. Expanding Conservation Area Networks in the Last Wilderness Frontiers: The Case of Brazilian Amazonia 137 Carlos A. Peres 11. The National Sanctuary Pampas del Heath: Case Study of a Typical "Paper Park" under Management of an NGO 149 Fernando B. Rubio del Valle 12. Successes and Failings of the Monteverde Reserve Complex and Costa Rica's System of National Protected Areas 156 George V N. Powell, Suzanne Palminteri, Bob Carlson, andMarioA. Boza 13. Privately Owned Parks 172 JeffLangholz ASIA 14. Nagarahole: Limits and Opportunities in Wildlife Conservation 189 K. UllasKaranth 15. Conserving the Leuser Ecosystem: Politics, Policies, and People 203 Michael Griffiths, Carel van Schaik, and Herman D. Rijksen 16. Conservation of Protected Areas in Thailand: A Diversity of Problems, a Diversity of Solutions 218 Sompoad Srikosamatara and Warren Y Brockelman 17. Biodiversity Conservation in the Kingdom of Bhutan 232 Herman D. Rijksen Part III Themes 18. Overcoming Impediments to Conservation 243 John Terborgh PARK LEVEL 19. Mitigating Human-Wildlife Conflicts in Southern Asia 250 K. Ullas Karanth andM. D. Madhusudan 20. Enforcement Mechanisms 265 Warren Y Brockelman, Michael Griffiths, Madhu Rao, Rosie Ruf, and Nick Salafsky 21. Ecotourism Tools for Parks 279 Lisa Davenport, Warren Y Brockelman, Patricia C. Wright, Karl Ruf, and Fernando B. Rubio del Valle 22. The Problem of People in Parks 307 John Terborgh and Carlos A. Peres NATIONAL LEVEL 23. Political Will for Establishing and Managing Parks 320 Marc. Dourojeanni 24. The Role of the Private Sector in Protected Area Establishment and Management 335 Randall Kramer, Jeff Langholz, and Nick Salafsky 25. Anarchy and Parks: Dealing with Political Instability 352 Carel van Schaik INTERNATIONAL LEVEL 26. Financing Protected Areas 364 BarrySpergel 27. Internationalization of Nature Conservation 383 John Terborgh and Mario A. Boza GENERAL TOOLS 28. Monitoring Protected Areas 395 John Terborgh and Lisa Davenport 29. Breaking the Cycle: Developing Guiding Principles for Using Protected Area Conservation Strategies 409 Nick Salafsky and Richard Margoluis 30. The Frontier Model of Development and Its Relevance to Protected Area Management 424 Carel van Schaik and Madhu Rao Part IV * Conclusions 31. Putting the Right Parks in the Right Places 443 Katrina Brandon 32. Making Parks Work: Past, Present, and Future 468 Carel van Schaik, John Terborgh, Lisa Davenport, and Madhu Rao List of Contributors 483 Index 487