Preface, xv
Acknowledgements, xvii
About the authors, xix
About the companion website, xxi
1 Lipids: definitions, naming, methods and a guide to the contents of this book, 1
1.1 Introduction, 1
1.2 Definitions, 1
1.3 Structural chemistry and nomenclature, 1
1.4 Lipidomics, 4
1.5 A guide to the contents of this book, 8
Key points, 11
Further reading, 12
2 Important biological lipids and their structures, 13
2.1 Structure and properties of fatty acids, 13
2.2 Storage lipids - triacylglycerols and wax esters, 20
2.3 Membrane lipids, 26
Key points, 42
Further reading, 42
3 Fatty acid metabolism, 44
3.1 The biosynthesis of fatty acids, 44
3.2 Degradation of fatty acids, 85
3.3 Chemical peroxidation is an important reaction particularly of polyunsaturated fatty acids, 95
3.4 Peroxidation catalysed by lipoxygenase enzymes, 96
3.5 Essential fatty acids and the biosynthesis of eicosanoids, 100
Key points, 120
Further reading, 121
4 The metabolism of complex lipids, 124
4.1 The biosynthesis of triacylglycerols, 124
4.2 The catabolism of acylglycerols, 133
4.3 The integration and control of animal acylglycerol metabolism, 136
4.4 Wax esters, 143
4.5 Phosphoglyceride biosynthesis, 146
4.6 Degradation of phospholipids, 157
4.7 Metabolism of glycosylglycerides, 163
4.8 Metabolism of sphingolipids, 165
4.9 Cholesterol biosynthesis, 173
Key points, 182
Further reading, 183
5 Roles of lipids in cellular structures, 187
5.1 Lipid assemblies, 187
5.2 Role of lipids in cellular evolution, 193
5.3 Membrane structure, 201
5.4 Membrane function, 206
5.5 Intracellular lipid droplets, 215
5.6 Extracellular lipid assemblies, 222
Key points, 226
Further reading, 227
6 Dietary lipids and their biological roles, 229
6.1 Lipids in food, 229
6.2 Roles of dietary lipids, 233
Key points, 251
Further reading, 251
7 Lipid assimilation and transport, 253
7.1 Lipid digestion and absorption, 253
7.2 Transport of lipids in the blood: plasma lipoproteins, 261
7.3 The coordination of lipid metabolism in the body, 275
Key points, 284
Further reading, 285
8 Lipids in transmembrane signalling and cell regulation, 287
8.1 Phosphoinositides have diverse roles in cell signalling and cell compartmentation, 288
8.2 Endocannabinoid signalling, 299
8.3 Lysophosphatidate and sphingosine 1-phosphate in the circulation regulate cell motility and proliferation, 299
8.4 Signalling by phospholipase D, at least partly through phosphatidate, 300
8.5 Ceramide regulates apoptosis and other cell responses, 301
Key points, 302
Further reading, 303
9 The storage of triacylglycerols in animals and plants, 304
9.1 White adipose tissue depots and triacylglycerol storage in animals, 304
9.2 Brown adipose tissue and its role in thermogenesis, 310
9.3 Lipid storage in plants, 313
Key points, 314
Further reading, 315
10 Lipids in health and disease, 317
10.1 Inborn errors of lipid metabolism, 317
10.2 Lipids and cancer, 323
10.3 Lipids and immune function, 328
10.4 Effects of too much or too little adipose tissue: obesity and lipodystrophies, 338
10.5 Disorders of lipoprotein metabolism, 349
Key points, 364
Further reading, 365
11 Lipid technology and biotechnology, 367
11.1 Introduction, 367
11.2 Lipid technologies: from surfactants to biofuels, 367
11.3 Lipids in foods, 375
11.4 Modifiying lipids in foods, 379
11.5 Modifying lipids in nonedible products, 383
11.6 Lipids and genetically modified organisms, 385
Key points, 390
Further reading, 390
Index and list of abbreviations, 391
