Introduction to Applied Solid State Physics

1. Review of Semiconductor Physics.- Metals, Insulators, and Semiconductors.- Band Structure Diagrams.- Holes in Semiconductors.- Effective Mass of Carriers in Semiconductors.- Conductivity of Semiconductors.- Carrier Density in an Instrinsic Semiconductor.- Impurity Conductivity (Extrinsic Conductivity).- Fermi Level Position in Extrinsic Semiconductors.- Carrier Lifetime in Semiconductors.- Problems.- References and Comments.- Suggested Reading.- 2. The Semiconductor p-n Junction.- Qualitative Discussion of the p-n Junction in Equilibrium.- Quantitative Treatment of the p-n Junction in Equilibrium.- Effect of an Applied Potential on Electron Energy Bands.- Diffusion and Recombination of Excess Carriers.- Qualitative Discussion of a Junction under an Applied Potential.- Qualitative Discussion of Current Flow in the Biased Junction.- Quantitative Treatment of Carrier Injection in the Junction.- Calculation of the Current through the Junction.- Majority and Minority Carrier Components of the Junction Current.- Summary of the Basic Physics of the p-n Junction.- Reverse Breakdown in p-n Junctions.- Other Topics on p-n Junctions.- Problems.- References and Comments.- Suggested Reading.- 3. Semiconductor p-n Junction Devices.- Semiconductor p-n Junction Diodes.- The Bipolar Junction Transistor.- Amplification in the Bipolar Transistor.- Current Gain in the Bipolar Transistor.- Circuit Configurations for Amplification with the Bipolar Transistor.- Quantitative Discussion of the Bipolar Transistor.- Summary of the Physics of Amplification in the Bipolar Transistor.- Tunnel Diodes.- The Junction Field Effect Transistor (jfet).- Physical Basis of the Current-Voltage Characteristic of the jfet.- Problems.- References and Comments.- Suggested Reading.- 4. Physics of Metal-Semiconductor and Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor Junctions.- The Metal-Semiconductor Junction at Equilibrium.- Effect of an Applied Potential on the Metal-Semiconductor Junction.- Physics of the Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor Structure.- Problems.- References and Comments.- Suggested Reading.- 5. Metal-Semiconductor and Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor Devices.- Metal-Semiconductor (Schottky) Diodes.- The Insulated-Gate Field-Effect Transistor (igfet).- The Induced-Channel mosfet.- Summary of the Physics of Field-Effect Transistors.- Applications of the mosfet.- Charge-Coupled Devices.- Problems.- References and Comments.- Suggested Reading.- 6. Other Semiconductor Devices.- Semiconductor Surface States.- Band Structure at the Semiconductor Surface.- Calculation of the Amount of Band Bending.- Effect of Surface States on Metal-Semiconductor Contacts.- Photoemission from Semiconductors.- Effect of the Surface on Photoemission.- Negative Electron Affinity in Semiconductors.- Physics of the Transferred Electron (Gunn) Effect.- Physics of Amorphous Semiconductors.- Amorphous Semiconductor Devices.- Problems.- References and Comments.- Suggested Reading.- 7. Detectors and Generators of Electromagnetic Radiation.- Intrinsic Photon Absorption in Semiconductors.- Photon Absorption by Bound States of Impurities in Semiconductors.- Threshold Energies for Photon Absorption.- Photoconductivity in Semiconductors.- Photodiodes.- Photovoltaic Devices.- Other Applications of Intrinsic Photoconductivity.- Summary on Semiconductor Photon Detectors.- Emission of Photons in Semiconductors.- p-n Junction Luminescence.- Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.- Solid State Lasers.- Semiconductor Injection Lasers.- Summary on Solid State Lasers.- Problems.- References and Comments.- Suggested Reading.- 8. Superconductive Devices and Materials.- Review of Some Aspects of Superconductivity.- Wave Function of the Condensed Phase of Pairs.- The Josephson Effects.- Physics of the DC Josephson Effect.- Physics of the AC Josephson Effect.- Voltage-Current Curves for Josephson Junctions.- Effect of Electromagnetic Radiation on the Junction.- Quantization of Magnetic Flux in a Superconducting Ring.- Superconducting Quantum Interference.- The Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID).- Superconducting Materials.- Problems.- References and Comments.- Suggested Reading.- 9. Physics and Applications of the Nonlinear Optical Properties of Solids.- Review of Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Solids.- Electric Polarization in a Dielectric Solid.- Nonlinear Polarization and Nonlinear Susceptibility.- Anharmonic Oscillator Model of a Nonlinear Solid.- Summary of the Physical Picture of Nonlinear Polarization.- Tensor Nature of the Nonlinear Susceptibility.- Solid State Physics Factors Affecting the Nonlinear Susceptibility.- Magnitude of the Nonlinear Susceptibility.- Wave Equation for the Nonlinear Crystal.- Wave Propagation and Interaction in a Nonlinear Crystal.- Optical Second Harmonic Generation.- Phase Matching (Index Matching) in Second Harmonic Generation.- Frequency Mixing and Up-Conversion.- Parametric Amplification.- Summary.- Problems.- References and Comments.- Suggested Reading.- 10. Ferromagnetic Materials.- Review of Magnetism.- Ferromagnetism.- The Exchange Interaction.- Magnetic Domains.- The Magnetization Curve and Hysteresis.- Materials for Permanent Magnets.- Magnetic Materials for Other Applications.- Problems.- References and Comments.- Suggested Reading.- Appendix: References on Some Other Topics.