Preface ix
Acknowledgments xvii
1 Mountains and Sea 1
The Physical Character of Greece 6
Earliest Inhabitants 8
Neolithic Period: Settled Life in Greece 9
Kuria 11
Notes 14
Further Reading 15
2 The Age of Heroes 17
The Role of Islands 19
The Greek Age of Heroes 23
Penelope and Odysseus 26
Notes 29
Further Reading 29
3 End of the Bronze Age: Slow Reshaping 31
The Dark Age 31
Archaic Age: Revival 33
Establishing Classical Greece 35
Hesiod 40
Notes 43
Further Reading 44
4 The Second Age of Heroes: Classical Greece 47
Mediterranean Impact 48
The Golden Age 51
Athens' Rise to Dominance 55
Socrates, Citizen of Athens: Wisest Man in the World? 58
Outcome: The Peloponnesian War 60
Fourth-Century Greece 63
Notes 65
Further Reading 65
5 Incorporation into a Larger State 67
The Northern Neighbor: Macedon 67
Alexander III 71
Alexander's Successors 74
The Greatest of Kings: Philip II 81
Notes 85
Further Reading 86
6 Graecia Capta: Roman Control 89
Roman Administration 94
Life in the Province of Achaea 97
Polybius: A Greek Captive Praises Rome 102
Notes 106
Further Reading 106
7 Power Returns to Greece: The Byzantine Empire 109
Separation from Rome 110
Restoration of Order 112
Decline 116
The Byzantine Greek World 117
Administration 119
Economic Health 121
Byzantine Culture 122
Anna Comnena: Daughter of the Emperor and Historian of Byzantium 125
Notes 127
Further Reading 128
8 Ottoman Greece: 1453-1821 129
Ottoman Control of Greece 132
Eighteenth Century 137
Those Who Said "No" 140
Theodore Kolokotronis 140
Adamantios Korais 142
Rigas Velestinlis (Pheraios) 143
Notes 144
Further Reading 145
9 Building a New State: 1821-1935 147
Enter Otto I 153
1862-1913 156
Eleftherios Venizelos, 1864-1936 158
1922-1935 162
Notes 163
Further Reading 163
10 A Player in the Modern World: 1935 to Present 165
Resistance Fighters 168
1944-1952 169
1952 to Present 171
Greece in the New World Order 176
Constantine and Costas Karamanlis 179
Notes 182
Further Reading 182
11 Conclusion: Past and Present 185
Notes 191
Further Reading 191
Chronology: Major Ages of Greek History 193
Index 195
