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Ecological Studies

By: U. Seeliger, B. Kjerfve (Editor)

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Hardcover | 18 October 2000

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Hardcover
396 Pages

Dimensions(cm)
24.13 x 15.88 x 1.91

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$329.00

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Coastal and marine ecosystems, some severely degraded, other still pristine, control rich resources of inshore environments and coastal seas of Latin America's Pacific and Atlantic margins. Conflicts between the needs of the region's nations and diminishing revenues and environmental quality have induced awareness of coastal ecological problems and motivated financial support for restoration and management.
The volume provides a competent review on the structure, processes and function of 22 important Latin American coastal marine ecosystems. Each contribution describes the environmental settings, biotic components and structure of the system, considers trophic processes and energy flow, evaluates the modifying influence of natural and human perturbations, and suggests management needs. Although the focus of the book is on basic ecological research, the results have application for coastal managers.

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"... I can highly recommend this book to all those who (start to) work in Latin America's coastal environments be it for basic, applied, or conservation research. They will find it a good introduction and overview. It should be present in all university libraries, not only those in Latin America." (Aquatic Ecology)

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The Tectonic and Geological Environment of Coastal South America	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
The Atlantic Continental Margin	p. 1
Physiographic Features	p. 1
Structural and Stratigraphic Evolution	p. 4
The Andean Margin	p. 6
Geomorphology and Active Tectonics	p. 6
Tectonic History	p. 9
The North Andean and Caribbean Margins	p. 10
Geomorphology and Active Tectonics	p. 10
Tectonic History	p. 11
The Gulf of Honduras	p. 17
Introduction	p. 17
Hydrometeorology and Oceanography	p. 18
Habitats, Diversity, and Productivity	p. 21
Coastal Lagoons	p. 22
Coastal Embayments	p. 23
Inner Cays	p. 24
Mid Lagoon Cays	p. 25
Barrier Reef	p. 25
Open Ocean Environment	p. 26
Land Use and Economic Activities	p. 26
Marine-Protected Areas	p. 28
Integrated Coastal Zone Management	p. 29
References	p. 31
The Coastal Lagoon Ciénaga Grande De Santa Marta, Colombia	p. 33
Introduction	p. 33
Environmental Setting	p. 33
Biotic Components	p. 36
Plankton	p. 36
Invertebrates	p. 36
Fishes	p. 37
Birds, Reptiles, and Mammals	p. 38
Mangroves	p. 38
Trophic Structure	p. 39
Human Impact and Fisheries	p. 40
Management	p. 43
References	p. 44
The Maracaibo System, Venezuela	p. 47
Introduction	p. 47
Environmental Factors	p. 47
Tides and Circulation	p. 49
Physico-chemical Characteristics	p. 50
Nutrients	p. 51
Biological Components	p. 51
Benthic Communities	p. 51
Plankton Communities	p. 53
Vertebrates	p. 54
Production Processes	p. 55
Environmental Issues	p. 56
Management Considerations	p. 58
References	p. 59
The Orinoco River Delta, Venezuela	p. 61
Introduction	p. 61
Environmental Setting	p. 61
Biological Components	p. 64
Phytoplankton Community	p. 64
Vegetation	p. 64
Vertebrate Fauna	p. 65
Human Impact and Exploitation	p. 66
Management Considerations	p. 68
References	p. 69
The Itamaracá Estuarine Ecosystem, Brazil	p. 71
Introduction	p. 71
Environmental Setting	p. 71
Hydrodynamics	p. 73
Hydrology	p. 74
Biota	p. 76
Trophic Relations	p. 78
Environmental Problems	p. 78
References	p. 80
The Abrolhos Reefs of Brazil	p. 83
Introduction	p. 83
Environmental Setting	p. 85
Reef Organisms	p. 86
Corals	p. 86
Algae	p. 87
Other Biota	p. 88
Reef Types	p. 90
Coastal Arc	p. 90
Fringing Reefs of the Abrolhos Archipelago	p. 92
Outer Arc	p. 93
Environmental Impacts and Management	p. 93
References	p. 95
The Cabo Frio Upwelling System, Brazil	p. 97
Introduction	p. 97
Climate and Hydrology	p. 98
Biological Community	p. 99
Plankton	p. 99
Benthos	p. 101
Nekton	p. 103
References	p. 104
Baía de Guanabara,Rio De Janeiro, Brazil	p. 107
Introduction	p. 107
Geological Setting	p. 108
Bathymetry and Bottom Sediment	p. 109
Climate and Weather	p. 110
Runoff	p. 111
Tidal Variability	p. 112
Salinity, Circulation and Flushing	p. 112
Coastal Ecosystems	p. 113
Anthropogenic Impacts	p. 114
References	p. 115
The Lagoon Region and Estuary Ecosystem of Cananéia, Brazil	p. 119
Introduction	p. 119
Environmental Setting	p. 119
Biotic Components	p. 123
Mangroves	p. 123
Plankton Community	p. 124
Benthic Community	p. 125
Fish Fauna	p. 126
Nutrient Cycles, Energy Flow, and Food Chains	p. 126
Sustainable Development and Management Needs	p. 127
References	p. 127
The Subtropical Estuarine Complex of Paranaguá Bay, Brazil	p. 131
Introduction	p. 131
Environmental Settings	p. 131
Geomorphologie Processes	p. 133
Physical Characteristics	p. 133
Chemical Characteristics	p. 135
Biotic Components	p. 136
Trophic Structure and Energy Flow	p. 140
Human Impacts and Management Needs	p. 141
References	p. 143
The Convergence Ecosystem in the Southwest Atlantic	p. 147
Introduction	p. 147
Environmental Setting	p. 148
Fertilization Processes	p. 149
The Organisms	p. 152
Plankton	p. 152
Macrobenthic Invertebrates	p. 153
Fishes and Cephalopods	p. 155
Biological Production and Trophic Structure	p. 157
Human Impacts	p. 158
Fisheries	p. 158
Pollution and Blooms	p. 160
Management Considerations	p. 161
References	p. 162
The Patos Lagoon Estuary,Brazil	p. 167
Introduction	p. 167
Environmental Setting	p. 167
Estuarine Habitats	p. 169
The Water Column	p. 169
Unvegetated Subtidal Soft-Bottoms and Intertidal Flats	p. 170
Sea Grass Beds	p. 171
Marginal Marshes	p. 172
Artificial Hard Substrates	p. 173
Energy Flow	p. 174
Primary Production Cycles	p. 174
Trophic Relations	p. 176
Estuary-Coast Interactions	p. 179
Impact and Management	p. 180
References	p. 182
The Río de la Plata Estuary,Argentina-Uruguay	p. 185
Introduction	p. 185
Environmental Setting	p. 186
Climate	p. 186
Estuarine Dynamics	p. 187
Biotic Components	p. 188
Freshwater Environment	p. 188
Mixohaline Environment	p. 190
Plankton	p. 190
Benthos	p. 191
Nekton	p. 192
Mammals and Birds	p. 193
Continental Shelf Environment	p. 193
Plankton	p. 193
Benthos	p. 194
Nekton	p. 195
Mammals	p. 195
Biological Significance of the Salt Wedge Regime	p. 196
Head of the Salt Wedge	p. 196
Halocline and Surface Salinity Front	p. 198
Human Impacts and Management Needs	p. 199
References	p. 200
The Bahia Bianca Estuary, Argentina	p. 205
Introduction	p. 205
Geomorphology	p. 205
Physical Processes	p. 207
Freshwater Input	p. 207
Tides	p. 208
Winds	p. 209
Salinity and Temperature	p. 209
Biological Communities	p. 211
Benthos	p. 211
Plankton	p. 212
Nekton	p. 213
Impact and Management	p. 214
References	p. 215
The Sand Beach Ecosystem of Chile	p. 219
Introduction	p. 219
Environmental Setting	p. 219
Biological Components	p. 220
Human Impacts	p. 225
References	p. 226
The Peruvian Coastal Upwelling System	p. 229
Introduction	p. 229
Environmental Characteristics	p. 229
Currents and Winds	p. 229
Coastal Upwelling	p. 231
Oceanographic Features	p. 232
Community Structure and Dynamics	p. 233
Phytoplankton	p. 233
Zooplankton	p. 234
Benthic Organisms	p. 235
Fishes and Other Vertebrates	p. 236
El Niño Impact on the Ecosystem	p. 239
Need for Cautious Management	p. 242
References	p. 243
The Gulf of Guayaquil and the Guayas River Estuary, Ecuador	p. 245
Introduction	p. 245
Environmental Setting	p. 246
Biogeochemistry	p. 249
Estuarine Habitats and Communities	p. 251
Mangroves	p. 251
Plankton	p. 253
Benthos	p. 253
Productivity and Trophic Structure	p. 254
Coupling of Coastal and Estuarine Ecosystems	p. 257
Human Impacts	p. 258
Preliminary Models and Ecosystem Management	p. 259
References	p. 260
The Estuary Ecosystem of Buenaventura Bay, Colombia	p. 265
Introduction	p. 265
Environmental Settings	p. 265
Coastal Habitats and Communities	p. 268
Sandy Beaches	p. 268
Cliffs and Rocky Shores	p. 269
Mangrove Swamps	p. 270
Mud Flats	p. 272
Pelagic Estuarine Environment	p. 273
Trophic Relations	p. 273
Primary Production	p. 273
Food Webs	p. 274
Human Impact	p. 276
Pollution	p. 277
Exploitation	p. 277
Management Needs	p. 278
References	p. 279
Eastern Pacific Coral Reef Ecosystems	p. 281
Introduction	p. 281
Environmental Setting	p. 282
The Eastern Pacific Coral Reef Region	p. 285
Ecological Processes	p. 291
Nutrient Cycling, Carbon Production and Trophic Relationships	p. 295
Functional Interfaces with Adjacent Biotopes	p. 297
Natural and Anthropogenic Impacts	p. 297
Management Needs	p. 299
References	p. 303
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

Ecological Studies

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Hardcover

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