Drinking Water Treatment

1. INTRODUCTION - Chittaranjan Ray and Ravi Jain1.1 Nature and Extent of the Problem 1.2 Water Contaminants 1.3 Topics Covered 2. DRINKING WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY???COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS - Chittaranjan Ray and Ravi Jain 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Natural Filtration 2.3 Riverbank Filtration 2.4 Slow Sand Filtration 2.5 Membrane Filtration 2.6 Solar Distillation 2.7 Solar Pasteurization 2.8 Technology Development Challenges 2.9 Technological Implementation???Case Studies 3. SOLAR PASTEURIZATION - Ed Pejack 3.1 Microbiology of Water Pasteurization 3.2 Use of Solar Cookers for Drinking Water Production 3.3 Devices Designed Specifically for Water 3.4 Simple devices from common materials 3.5 Commercial Devices in Production 3.6 Devices with Recovery Heat Exchange 3.7 Water Pasteurization Indicators 3.8 Multi-Use Systems 3.9 Summary 4. MEMBRANE DESALINATION - Kishore Rajagopalan 4.1 Desalination Technologies 4.2 Thermal Desalination Technologies 4.3 Membrane Processes 4.4 Emerging Membrane Technologies 4.5 Global Growth of Membrane Desalination 4.6 Desalination Environment Interactions 4.7 Mitigation of Environmental Impacts 4.8 Membrane-Based Desalination at the Small and Medium Scale 4.9 Integrated Approaches 4.10 Conclusions 4.11 References 5. BANK FILTRATION AS NATURAL FILTRATION - Chittaranjan Ray, Jay Jasperse, and Thomas Grischek 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Natural Filtration???s Implications for Sustainability 5.3 How Does It Work? 5.4 Regulatory Perspective 5.5 Key Planning Considerations 5.6 Site Characterization 5.7 Design Considerations 5.8 Operational Considerations 5.9 How Well Does It Work? 5.10 Performance Assessment of RBF Systems 5.11 Areas of Future Study and Technology Development 5.12 Implementation, Challenges, Strategies 6. SOLAR DISTILLATION - Rahul Dev and G.N. Tiwari 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Water characterization 6.3 Solar Distillation: Basic Principle 6.4 Historical Background: Evaluation Process of Solar Stills 6.5 Broad Classification of Solar Still 6.6 Various Methods of Fixing the Glass Cover onto the Solar Still Walls 6.7 Heat Transfer and Thermal Modeling 6.8 Thermal Analysis: Development of Energy Balance Equations 6.10 Comparison of distillate yield for different active solar stills 6.11 Effect of Various Parameters 6.12 Cost, Energy and Exergy Issues Related to Water Production Through Solar Stills 6.13 CO2 Emission, CO2 Mitigation and Carbon Credit Earned 6.14 Technology Transfer 6.15 Challenges in Adoption 7. TRANSDISCIPLINARY ANALYSIS - Ravi Jain 7.1 Sustainability Concepts and Differing Views 7.2 Industrial Practices: Suggested Options 7.3 Sustainability of Technology in Developing Countries 7.4 Sustainability Framework 7.5 Technology Transfer and Implementation 1.1 Nature and Extent of the Problem 1.2 Water Contaminants 1.3 Topics Covered 2. DRINKING WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY???COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS - Chittaranjan Ray and Ravi Jain 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Natural Filtration 2.3 Riverbank Filtration 2.4 Slow Sand Filtration 2.5 Membrane Filtration 2.6 Solar Distillation 2.7 Solar Pasteurization 2.8 Technology Development Challenges 2.9 Technological Implementation???Case Studies 3. SOLAR PASTEURIZATION - Ed Pejack 3.1 Microbiology of Water Pasteurization 3.2 Use of Solar Cookers for Drinking Water Production 3.3 Devices Designed Specifically for Water 3.4 Simple devices from common materials 3.5 Commercial Devices in Production 3.6 Devices with Recovery Heat Exchange 3.7 Water Pasteurization Indicators 3.8 Multi-Use Systems 3.9 Summary 4. MEMBRANE DESALINATION - Kishore Rajagopalan 4.1 Desalination Technologies 4.2 Thermal Desalination Technologies 4.3 Membrane Processes 4.4 Emerging Membrane Technologies 4.5 Global Growth of Membrane Desalination 4.6 Desalination Environment Interactions 4.7 Mitigation of Environmental Impacts 4.8 Membrane-Based Desalination at the Small and Medium Scale 4.9 Integrated Approaches 4.10 Conclusions 4.11 References 5. BANK FILTRATION AS NATURAL FILTRATION - Chittaranjan Ray, Jay Jasperse, and Thomas Grischek 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Natural Filtration???s Implications for Sustainability 5.3 How Does It Work? 5.4 Regulatory Perspective 5.5 Key Planning Considerations 5.6 Site Characterization 5.7 Design Considerations 5.8 Operational Considerations 5.9 How Well Does It Work? 5.10 Performance Assessment of RBF Systems 5.11 Areas of Future Study and Technology Development 5.12 Implementation, Challenges, Strategies 6. SOLAR DISTILLATION - Rahul Dev and G.N. Tiwari 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Water characterization 6.3 Solar Distillation: Basic Principle 6.4 Historical Background: Evaluation Process of Solar Stills 6.5 Broad Classification of Solar Still 6.6 Various Methods of Fixing the Glass Cover onto the Solar Still Walls 6.7 Heat Transfer and Thermal Modeling 6.8 Thermal Analysis: Development of Energy Balance Equations 6.10 Comparison of distillate yield for different active solar stills 6.11 Effect of Various Parameters 6.12 Cost, Energy and Exergy Issues Related to Water Production Through Solar Stills 6.13 CO2 Emission, CO2 Mitigation and Carbon Credit Earned 6.14 Technology Transfer 6.15 Challenges in Adoption 7. TRANSDISCIPLINARY ANALYSIS - Ravi Jain 7.1 Sustainability Concepts and Differing Views 7.2 Industrial Practices: Suggested Options 7.3 Sustainability of Technology in Developing Countries 7.4 Sustainability Framework 7.5 Technology Transfer and Implementation