Preface ix
Acknowledgments xv
List of Narratives xvii
Chapter 1 Introduction to Design Engagement 1
A Starting Point 1
Design Engagement Framework 4
Design Engagement as Relational Explained Further 8
From Framework to Markers of Impact 9
Schools of Thought 16
Looking Back . . . Looking Forward 20
Summary 21
Chapter 2 Why Narrative Inquiry? 27
Arriving at Narrative 27
Defining Narrative Inquiry 29
Guiding Narrative Structure 30
Holistic Systems Approach 32
Supporting Evidence-Based Design 35
Premises of Design Narratives 37
Types of Design Narratives 39
Anecdotal Stories 40
Initiating Narratives 42
Research Narratives 44
Visual Communication Narratives 48
Narrative Inquiry for Design Learning, Research, and Practice 52
Summary 53
Chapter 3 Impact Marker: Process of Engagement 57
Engaging the Self 66
Ways of Seeing 66
Ways of Design Thinking 67
Creative Thinking 67
Critical Thinking 69
Consequential Thinking 70
Visualizing, Forming, and Construction 71
Engaging as a Design Team 71
Committing to a Common Purpose 77
Mutual Accountability 79
Understanding Design Tensions 80
Summary 82
Chapter 4 Impact Marker: Contextual Civility 85
Introducing Contextual Civility 85
Related Themes from the Literature 92
Security and Safety 106
Community Service, Nonprofits, and Service Learning 111
Final Thoughts on Contextual Civility 116
Summary 117
Chapter 5 Impact Marker: Empathy 121
Origins of Empathy 122
Related Themes from the Literature 137
Design Sensibilities 142
Final Thoughts on Empathy 149
Summary 150
Chapter 6 Impact Marker: Place Identity 153
Exploring Place Identity 153
Range of Authenticity 159
Vernacular Design 161
Related Themes from the Literature 163
Place Identity beyond Geographic Context 164
Exploring Historically Significant Places 168
Place Identity in Thematic Design 173
Summary 176
Chapter 7 Impact Marker: Innovation 179
Exploring Innovation 179
Related Themes from the Literature 185
Leaps and Adaptations 188
Forms of Creative Engagement 194
Individual Creativity and Innovation 196
Team Creativity and Innovation 197
Environments for Creativity and Innovation 198
Summary 203
Chapter 8 Impact Marker: Maturation 207
Origins of Design Maturation 207
Users and Public Influence 222
Developmental Issues for Beginning Designers 226
Summary 230
Chapter 9 An Epilogue Integrating Impact Markers 233
Where Do We Go from Here? 233
Summing Up Impact Markers 234
Achieving Balance while Embracing Opposites 237
Emerging Issues and Gaps 238
Summing Up Design Thinking 242
Ten Ways of Advancing the Discipline 243
Summary 245
Chapter 10 Using a Narrative Approach 249
Review of Narrative Types 250
Finding a Topic 257
Criteria for Case Selection 258
Employing Mixed Methods 259
Crafting Well-Grounded Narratives 261
Critically Engaging the Literature 264
Summary 265
Endnotes 269
Bibliography 275
Index 285
