Contents
Introduction
Acknowledgements
Chapter 1 Methods For Analyzing Failures
1.1 Mathematical Modelling
1.2 Methods For Solving Problems
1.2.1 The Scientific Method
1.3 The Crack Growth Equation
1.4 Failure Of Carbon Fiber In Compressive Fatigue
1.5 Failure Of Carbon Fiber, Titanium and Steels In Compressive Fatigue
1.6 Cycles To Failure For Carbon Fiber Laminate And Stainless Steel
1.7 Ockham's Razor
Chapter 2 Industrial Mechanical Equipment Failures
2.1 Failure In A Large Stirred Processing Reactor
2.2 Spline Lock-Up and Broken Shaft Due To Extruder Wear
2.3 Ship Propeller Impact Damage
2.4 How A Turbo Jet Aircraft Engine Works And Fails
2.5 Failure of a G.E. CF-6-6 Turbo-Fan Fan Disk On a DC-10
2.6 Loss Of A Turbine Blade
Chapter 3 Industrial Mechanical Vibration Failures
3.1 Examining An Aircraft Engine-Gearbox-Propeller Torsional System
3.2 Coupling Failure Of A Motor-Gearbox-High Speed Compressor System
3.3 The Slip-Stick Phenomena
3.4 The Windshield Wiper Chatter Problem
3.5 Catastrophic Failure Of A Vibrating Centrifuge Deck
Chapter 4 Catastrophic Implosion Of The Deep Sea Submersible Titan
4.1 Titan Deep Diving Vessel Implosion
4.2 Evidence From Titan Debris
4.3 The Titan Submersible Design
Chapter 5 Potential Earth Catastrophes
5.1 What Is The Chance The 2029 Meteor Apophis Will Impact Earth?
5.2 What Damage Would An Asteroid Impact Such As Apophis Cause?
5.3 What If The Chelyabinsk Meteor Had Impacted Earth?
5.4 Preventing An Asteroid From Impacting Earth
5.5 The Damage Potential Of Solar Flares
Chapter 6 Flight Dynamics And Major Disasters
6.1 How Does An Aircraft Fly?
6.2 Stalls And Flat Spins And Crash of Flight 2283
6.3 How Can A Drone Helicopter Fly On Mars ?
6.4 Disappearance Of Malaysian Flight MH370
6.5 Why Did The Nose Wheel Collapse On A Boeing 767?
6.6 What Happened To The Space Shuttle Columbia?
6.7 Why Did The Door Blow Out Of The Boeing 737 Max 9 ?
6.8 Why Did Hail Destroy The Nose Of An Airbus 320 ?
6.9 Damage Due To A Tire Falling Off A Boeing 777 Aircraft
6.10 How Does A Hummingbird Fly?
6.11 How Do Fish Swim?
Chapter 7 Impact Disasters
7.1 Average And Peak Impact Forces
7.2 Examining The Head On Impact Of Two Vehicles
7.3 Design Use Of The Head On Impact Equation
7.4 Can A Water Filled Membrane Be Used As A Safety Device?
7.5 What Happens When A Turkey Vulture Impacts A Car?
Chapter 8 Structure Failures
8.1 What Causes Tower Cranes To Collapse?
8.2 Walkway Collapse
8.3 Bridge Collapse With Ship Impact
8.4 Collapse of Electrical Power Transmission Towers
8.5 The Progressive Failure Collapse Of Structurally Deficient Buildings
Chapter 9 Concerns Relating To Heat Transfer
9.1 Elevated Temperature In A Vehicle
9.2 How Long Should It Take To Heat My Home?
9.3 Fireplace Heat Transfer
9.4 Raising The Temperature Of A Room With A Fireplace
Chapter 10 Explosion Catastrophes
10.1 Can A Kitchen Full Of Natural Gas Destroy A Home?
10.2 Would The Home Water Heater Explode?
10.3 Would The Pressure Cooker Actually Explode?
10.4 How Does An Underground Pipeline Explode?
10.5 Explosive Effect Of A Volume Of Enclosed Vapor
Chapter 11 Natural Disasters
11.1 How Are Tornadoes Formed?
11.2 Force Of A Tornado
11.3 How Are Hurricanes Formed?
11.4 Determining The Effect Of A Hurricane’s Storm Surge
11.5 Determining A Hurricane’s Path
11.6 Lateral Sliding And Vertical Uplift Earthquake Models
11.7 Yellowstone Caldera Is Rising, When Will It Erupt Or Will It?
11.8 Why The Yellowstone Caldera Plate Surface Doesn’t Get Hot
11.9 The Next Great Tsunami
11.10 What Causes Straight Line Wind Damage?
11.11 Will The Tilting Tree Up-Root?
11.12 Why Didn’t The Tree Limb Break?
11.13 Why Did The Tree Splinter In A Hurricane?
11.14 Some Final Thoughts About Trees
Chapter 12 Catastrophes Relating To Flooding
12.1 A Simple Explanation Of Flooding Using A Bathtub Analogy
12.2 Why Didn’t My Home Flood?
12.3 Why Does Lake Houston Rise Above The Spillway?
12.4 Kingwood Flooding May 1-3, 2024
12.5 What Caused The Street To Flood?
12.6 Sudden Flooding Of Kingwood Drive
Chapter 13 Probabilities
13.1 Are We All Alone In The Universe?
13.2 What Is The Probability Of A Piece Of Machinery Failing This Year?
13.3 Reciprocating Gas-Engine Compressors Failures
13.4 Pressure Vessels, Piping , Steam Boiler Failures
13.5 Other Type Machinery Failures
Chapter 14 Why Question The Ingenuity Of Humans?
14.1 How Did The Egyptians Transport 75 Ton Granite Stones From the Quarry?
14.2 How Were The Pyramids Built?
14.3 How Did The Ancients Move Mega-Blocks On Hard Land?
14.4 Using A Human Powered Crane To Lift Mega-Blocks
14.5 Moving Huge Pyramid Stones By Rolling
14.6 Moving Large Blocks With Rollers On Rails
Chapter 15 Some Curious Questions Answered
15.1 Why Does A Whip Make A Large Crack Noise?
15.2 My Wife’s Broken Chair And A Failure Cause
15.3 Zero Is Equal To One Or Mathematics Can Trick You
15.4 Why Won’t My Truck Start?
15.5 Force Of A Hardball On A Bat And Hand
15.6 Why Doesn't My Hand Hurt When I Hit A Nail With A Hammer?
15.7 Pop-Out Strength Of High Rise Windows
Chapter 16 Engineering Equations Explained
16.1 Force Balance
16.2 Inertial Law or Newton's Second Law
16.3 Centrifugal Force
16.4 Potential Energy (P.E.)
16.5 Kinetic Energy (K.E.)
16.6 Energy Balances In Mechanical
16.7 Energy Balances In Heat Transfer
16.8 Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation
16.9 The Specific Heat Equation
16.10 Shear Force and Pressures
16.11 Energy Caused By Frictional Rubbing And Shearing
16.12 The Momentum Equation And The Conservation Of Momentum
16.13 Probability Of Something Occurring In A Given Time
16.14 Developing Tsunami Surface Velocity And Wave Height
16.15 A Glancing Hail Strike
Index
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