Long before we had names for them, the stars told us stories. They shimmered in the night sky, seemingly eternal, guiding ancient travelers and inspiring mythologies. But as science advanced, we discovered that what we saw was only part of the story. A vast, invisible component of the universe lurked beyond the reach of our eyes and instruments—a hidden mass that neither emitted nor reflected light. This was the beginning of our encounter with dark matter and dark energy.
In the early 20th century, astronomers began to notice something strange. When they looked at galaxies and observed how stars within them moved, they found that these stars were traveling at speeds that didn't make sense. Based on the visible matter alone—the stars, gas, and dust—the galaxies should have been flying apart. There simply wasn't enough gravitational pull to hold them together. Something unseen had to be providing the extra mass needed to bind them.
This mysterious substance was dubbed "dark matter." It didn't shine or absorb light, making it completely invisible to traditional telescopes. Yet its gravitational effects were undeniable. It was as if galaxies were embedded in massive halos of invisible material, holding them together with unseen hands. The concept was both unsettling and thrilling—it suggested that the universe was much stranger than we had ever imagined.
