Basic Welsh

Introduction 1. Identification sentences; question words Pwy?, Beth?; identifiers hwn, hon; hwnna, honna; y rhain, y rheina 2. Nouns and noun plurals 3. The verb âto beâ: present tense statements (AFF) and questions (INT) 4. The present tense of bod: NEG forms 5. Mutations: Soft Mutation 6. The definite article: âthe . . .â 7. The genitive construction: âthe X of Yâ etc. 8. Adjectives 9. The present tense of verbs 10. Other auxiliaries with the VN; requests 11. The complement marker yn° + noun/adjective 12. Personal pronouns; word order; third-person singular rule 13. âWantâ and âwould likeâ 14. Aspirate and Nasal Mutations 15. Possessive adjectives: âhis . . .â, âher . . .â, âyour . . .â, etc. 16. Yn and mewn âinâ 17. The imperfect of bod: âI wasâ, âyou wereâ, etc. 18. The future of bod: âI will beâ, etc.; affirmative markers fe° and mi° 19. The imperfect and future of other verbs: âI was . . . ingâ, âI will . . .â 20. The existential verb: âThere is/are . . .â, âThere was/were . . .â, etc. 21. Conjugated prepositions 22. More conjugated prepositions 23. Possession 24. Stems; imperatives (command forms) 25. The inflected preterite: completed action in the past 26. General principles with inflected verbs (verbs with endings) 27. Irregular preterites: âwentâ, âcameâ, âdidâ, âgotâ 28 . Mo after inflected NEG verbs 29. Present tense âis/areâ with question words 30. Numerals 1â"12; telling the time 31. More numbers; Faint . . .? âHow much/many . . . ?â; quantity expressions 32. Days, months and years 33. âSomeâ and âanyâ, âno-oneâ, `everyoneâ; âallâ 34. Rhaid âmustâ, âhave toâ 35. Rhaid-type expressions: well, waeth, man a man, hen bryd 36. Derived adverbs in yn°; summary of meanings and uses of yn 37. Wedi: âperfectâ tense 38. The pluperfect and future perfect 39. Yes/no answers; tags 40. Translating "have" Key to exercises Glossary of technical terms Vocabularies: Welshâ"English Englishâ"Welsh