Part 1: Chemical Aspects 1
1. Application of Stimuli-Sensitive Materials in Smart Textiles 3
Ali Akbar Merati
1.1. Introduction 3
1.2. Phase Change Materials 4
1.3. Shape Memory Materials 11
1.4. Chromic Materials 13
1.5. Conjugated Polymers 14
1.6. Conductive Polymers 16
1.7. Piezoelectricity 17
1.8. Optical Fibers 18
1.9. Hydrogels 20
1.10. Smart Textiles and Nanotechnology 22
1.11. Future Trends 23
References 23
2. Functional Finishing of Textile Materials and Its Psychological Aspects 31
Muhammad Mohsin and Qurat Ul Ain Malik
2.1. Introduction 31
2.2. Softeners 34
2.3. Oil- and Water-Repellent Finishes 36
2.4. Fire Retardants 39
2.5. Easy Care Finishing 43
2.6. Psychological Aspect of Functional Textiles 47
2.7. Challenges and Future Directions 50
2.8. Conclusion 50
References 51
3. Recent Advances in Protective Textile Materials 55
Santanu Basak, Animesh Laha, Mahadev Bar, and Rupayan Roy
3.1. Introduction 56
3.2. Application of the Protective Textile in the Defense Arena 65
3.3. Recent Advancements in Engineering to Create UV-Protective Textiles 70
3.4. Insect-Repellent Textiles 72
3.5. Microorganism Protective Textile Materials 75
3.6. Camouflage Application as Protective Textile 78
3.7. Challenges and Future Directions 79
References 80
4. Antibacterial Aspects of Nanomaterials in Textiles: From Origin to Release 87
Zahra Khodaparast, Akram Jahanshahi, and Mohammadreza Khalaj
4.1. Introduction 87
4.2. Nanomaterial Properties 89
4.3. Release 103
4.4. Conclusion 116
Acknowledgement 117
References 117
5. Modification of Wool and Cotton by UV Irradiation for Dyeing and Finishing Processes 125
Franco Ferrero, Gianluca Migliavacca, and Monica Periolatto
5.1. Introduction 126
5.2. Interaction of UV Radiation with Textile Fibers 128
5.3. Interaction of UV Radiation with Naturally Present Chromophores of Different Fibers 135
5.4. UV Irradiation on Wool 144
5.5. UV Irradiation on Cotton 162
5.6. Conclusions 168
5.7. Future Perspectives 169
References 170
6. Electroconductive Textiles 177
Arobindo Chatterjee and Subhankar Maity
6.1. Introduction 177
6.2. Electrical Conductivity 179
6.3. The Source of Conductivity in Conducting Polymers 182
6.4. Electroconductive Textiles Based on Metals 183
6.5. Electroconductive Textiles Based on Graphene 183
6.6. Electroconductive Textile Based on PPy 184
6.7. Conductive Polymer-Based Textiles 190
6.8. Effect of Various Yarns and Fabrics as Substrate 200
6.9. Applications of Electroconductive Textiles 202
6.10. Durability Properties of Conductive Polymer-Based Textiles 231
6.11. Future Scope and Challenges 239
6.12. Conclusions 239
References 240
7. Coated or Laminated Textiles for Aerostat and Stratospheric Airship 257
Bapan Adak and Mangala Joshi
7.1. Introduction 258
7.2. Global Competitors for Making Aerostat/Airship at Present 260
7.3. Working Atmosphere of Aerostats and High Altitude Airship (HAA) 260
7.4. Materials Used in LTA Envelopes 261
7.5. Case Studies on Different Coated or Laminated LTA Envelopes 272
7.6. Advanced Polymer Nanocomposites as Potential Material for LTA Envelopes 274
7.7. Models for Predicting the Performance and Service Life of Aerostats/Airships 280
7.8. Challenges and Future Scopes 281
7.9. Conclusion 282
References 283
8. Woolen Carpet Industry: Environmental Impact and Recent Remediation Approaches 289
Anu Mishra
8.1. Introduction 289
8.2. Flowchart of the Manufacture of a Woolen Carpet, Its Use and After-Use Disposal 290
8.3. Wool Fiber Production and Related Environmental Issues 290
8.4. Wool Fiber Cleaning and Related Environmental Issues 295
8.5. Woolen Carpet Yarn Manufacturing and Related Environmental Issues 299
8.6. Bleaching of Woolen Yarn and Related Environmental Issues 302
8.7. Dyeing of Woolen Carpet Yarn and Related Environmental Issues 303
8.8. Manufacture of Woolen Carpets and Related Environmental Issues 308
8.9. Washing of Carpets and Related Environmental Issues 311
8.10. Environmental Issues Related to the Usage of Woolen Carpets 314
8.11. Environmental Issues Related to the Disposal of Used Woolen Carpets 315
8.12. Some Remediation Approaches to Combat Environmental Issues of Wool Carpet Industry 315
8.13. Conclusion 324
References 324
9. Intensification of Textile Wastewater Treatment Processes 329
Mahmood Reza Rahimi and Soleiman Mosleh
9.1. Introduction 330
9.2. AOP Techniques 333
9.3. Process Intensification 343
9.4. Equipment and Processes 347
9.5. Catalyst Design and Modification 354
9.6. Economic Evaluation/Justification of AOPs 357
9.7. Industrial and Large-Scale Applications 366
9.8. Application of Nanostructures in Wastewater Treatment 367
9.9. Challenges and Future Directions 370
9.10. Conclusion 371
References 371
10. Visible-Light-Induced Photocatalytic Degradation of Textile Dyes over Plasmonic Silver-Modified TiO2 389
Rashmi Acharya, Brundabana Naik, and K. M. Parida
10.1. Introduction 390
10.2. Basic Principle of Photocatalysis 391
10.3. TiO2 as a Versatile Photocatalyst 392
10.4. Silver (Ag)-Modified TiO2 (Ag-TiO2) as Visible-Light-Induced Photocatalyst 393
10.5. Ag-Modified TiO2 with Non-Metal Doping 404
10.6. Ag-TiO2 with Other Plasmonic Metals 408
10.7. Conclusion 410
References
Part 2: Mechanical Aspects 419
11. Application of Textile Materials in Composites 421
Swati Sharma, Indu Chauhan, and Bhupendra Singh Butola
11.1. Introduction 421
11.2. Essential Properties of Fibers for Composite Applications 427
11.3. Textile Fibers Used for Composite Applications 432
11.4. Surface Modification of Fibers 443
11.5. Manufacturing of Textile Composite Materials 444
11.6. Application of Textile Composites in Various Industries 451
11.7. Conclusions 454
References 455
12. Emerging Trends in Three-Dimensional Woven Preforms for Composite Reinforcements 463
R. N. Manjunath and B. K. Behera
12.1. Introduction 463
12.2. Three-Dimensional Fabrics 466
13. Evolution of Soft Body Armor 499
Sanchi Arora and Aranya Ghosh
13.1. Introduction 499
13.2. Constituents of Soft Body Armor 501
13.3Performance Evaluation of Materials 526
13.4. Advancements in Soft Body Armor Technology 532
13.5. Conclusion 540
References 541
Index 553
