Preface xv
Part I: Nanocatalysts - Architecture and Design 1
1 Environmental Applications of Multifunctional Nanocomposite Catalytic Materials: Issues with Catalyst Combinations 3
James A. Sullivan, Orla Keane, Petrica Dulgheru and Niamh O'Callaghan
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Proposed Solutions to the Lean-Burn NOx emission Problems 9
1.3 Multifunctional Materials to Combine NH3-SCR and NSR Cycles 17
1.4 Particulate Matter, Formation, Composition and Dangers 19
1.5 Use of Multifunctional Materials to Combust C(s) and Trap NOx 22
1.6 Multifunctional Materials in Selective Catalytic Oxidation 23
1.7 Proposed Tandem Catalysts for "Green" Selective Epoxidation 28
1.8 Conclusions 29
Acknowledgements 30
References 30
2 Chemical Transformation of Molecular Precursor into Well-Defined Nanostructural Functional Framework via Soft Chemical Approach 37
Taimur Athar
2.1 Introduction 38
2.2 The Chemistry of Metal Alkoxides 41
2.3 The Chemistry of Nanomaterials 47
2.4 Preparation of Monometallic Alkoxides and Its Conversion into Corresponding Metal Oxides 52
2.5 Techniques used to Characterization of Precursor and Inorganic Material 54
2.6 Conclusion 60
Acknowledgement 60
References 61
3 Graphenes in Heterogeneous Catalysis 69
Josep Albero and Hermenegildo Garcia
3.1 Introduction 69
3.2 Carbocatalysis 89
3.3 G Materials as Carbocatalysts 92
3.4 G as Support of Metal NPs 104
3.5 Summary and Future Prospects 115
References 116
4 Gold Nanoparticles-Graphene Composites Material: Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Application 121
Najrul Hussain, Gitashree Darabdhara and Manash R. Das
4.1 Introduction 122
4.2 Synthesis of Au NPs-rGO Composites and Its Characterization 124
4.3 Catalytic Application of Au NPs-rGO Composites 136
4.4 Future Prospects 138
Acknowledgements 138
References 139
Part II: Organic and Inorganic Catalytic Transformations 143
5 Hydrogen Generation from Chemical Hydrides 145
Mehmet Sankir, Levent Semiz, Ramis B. Serin, Nurdan D. Sankir and Derek Baker
5.1 Introduction: Overview of Hydrogen 146
5.2 Hydrogen Generation 148
5.3 Type of Catalysts and Catalyst Morphologies 159
5.4 Kinetics and Models 177
5.5 Hydrogen Generation for PEMFCs 183
5.6 Conclusions 186
Acknowledgements 187
References 187
6 Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactide 193
Alekha Kumar Sutar, Tungabidya Maharana, Anita Routaray and Nibedita Nath
6.1 Introduction 194
6.2 Aluminum Metal 195
6.3 Importance of Polylactic Acid 196
6.4 Ring-Opening Polymerization (ROP) 197
6.5 Application of Different Catalytic System in ROP of Lactide 197
6.6 Concluding Remarks 220
Acknowledgments 221
References 221
7 Catalytic Performance of Metal Alkoxides 225
Mahdi Mirzaee, Mahmood Norouzi, Adonis Amoli and Azam Ashrafian
7.1 Introduction 225
7.2 Metal Alkoxides 226
7.3 Polymerization Reactions Catalyzed by Metal Alkoxides 227
7.4 Reduction Reactions Catalyzed by Metal Alkoxides 250
7.5 Oxidation Reactions Catalyzed by Metal Alkoxides 256
7.6 Other Miscellaneous Metal Alkoxide Catalysis Reactions 259
7.7 Conclusion 266
Acknowledgment 267
References 267
8 Cycloaddition of CO2 and Epoxides over Reusable Solid Catalysts 271
Luis F. Bobadilla, Sergio Lima and Atsushi Urakawa
8.1 Introduction: CO2 as Raw Material 271
8.2 Properties and Applications of Cyclic Carbonates 273
8.3 Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates from the Cycloaddition Reaction of CO2 with Epoxides 275
8.4 Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives 306
References 307
Part III: Functional Catalysis: Fundamentals and Applications 313
9 Catalytic Metal-/Bio-composites for Fine Chemicals Derived from Biomass Production 315
Madalina Tudorache, Simona M. Coman and Vasile I. Parvulescu
8.1 Introduction 316
8.2 Metal Composites with Catalytic Activity in Biomass Conversion 317
8.3 Catalytic Biocomposites with Heterogeneous Design 328
8.4 Conclusions 345
References 345
10 Homoleptic Metal Carbonyls in Organic Transformation 353
Badri Nath Jha, Abhinav Raghuvanshi and Pradeep Mathur
10.1 Introduction 353
10.2 Cycloaddition 354
10.3 Carbonylation 358
10.4 Silylation 363
10.5 Amidation of Adamantane and Diamantane 366
10.6 Reduction of N,N-Dimethylthioformamide 367
10.7 Reductive N-Alkylation of Primary Amides with Carbonyl Compounds 368
10.8 Synthesis of N-Fused Tricyclic Indoles 369
10.9 Cyclopropanation of Alkenes 369
Conclusion 378
References 378
11 Zeolites: Smart Materials for Novel, Efficient, and Versatile Catalysis 385
Mayank Pratap Singh, Garima Singh Baghel, Salam J. J. Titinchi and Hanna S. Abbo
11.1 Introduction 385
11.2 Structures and Properties 388
11.3 Synthesis of Zeolites 393
11.4 Application of Zeolites in Catalysis 395
11.5 Medical Applications of Zeolites 404
11.6 Conclusions 406
References 406
12 Optimizing Zeolitic Catalysis for Environmental Remediation 411
12.1 Introduction 413
12.2 Structure of Zeolites 417
12.3 Categorization and Characterization of Zeolites 419
12.4 Properties of Zeolites and Their Effects 421
12.5 Effects of Chemical Modification 434
12.6 Summary 436
References 436
