Designed for advanced learners and researchers, the book delivers a rigorous exploration of continuous-time formulations that underpin next-generation optimization-based control strategies. It emphasizes core topics such as gradient flows, Lyapunov stability, finite- and fixed-time convergence, predefined-time stability, and feedback optimization—precisely the themes central to contemporary research in dynamical optimization. The book blends theoretical development with practical insight, supported by worked examples, end-of-chapter references, and rich visualizations through 80 high-quality colour figures. Readers gain a deep understanding of how continuous-time models can be leveraged to design robust controllers with guaranteed convergence properties—even in constrained or time-varying environments.
