Fatigue of Structures and Materials

By: J. Schijve

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Hardcover | 1 February 2009 | Edition Number 2

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Hardcover
648 Pages

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23.9 x 16.4 x 3.8

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Fatigue of structures and materials covers a wide scope of different topics. The purpose of the present book is to explain these topics, to indicate how they can be analyzed, and how this can contribute to the designing of fatigue resistant structures and to prevent structural fatigue problems in service. Chapter 1 gives a general survey of the topic with brief comments on the signi?cance of the aspects involved. This serves as a kind of a program for the following chapters. The central issues in this book are predictions of fatigue properties and designing against fatigue. These objectives cannot be realized without a physical and mechanical understanding of all relevant conditions. In Chapter 2 the book starts with basic concepts of what happens in the material of a structure under cyclic loads. It illustrates the large number of variables which can affect fatigue properties and it provides the essential background knowledge for subsequent chapters. Different subjects are presented in the following main parts: • Basic chapters on fatigue properties and predictions (Chapters 2-8) • Load spectra and fatigue under variable-amplitude loading (Chapters 9-11) • Fatigue tests and scatter (Chapters 12 and 13) • Special fatigue conditions (Chapters 14-17) • Fatigue of joints and structures (Chapters 18-20) • Fiber-metal laminates (Chapter 21) Each chapter presents a discussion of a speci?c subject.

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This book Fatigue of Structures and Materials has won the TAA "Texty" Textbook Excellence Award in 2010.

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Non-Fiction Engineering & Technology Mechanical Engineering & Materials Materials Science Mechanics of Solids Stress & Fracture Mechanical Engineering Science Physics Civil Engineering Technology in General Technical Design

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Published: 21st November 2014

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Symbols, Acronyms and Units	p. xix
Introduction to Fatigue of Structures and Materials	p. 1
References	p. 9
Fatigue under Constant-Amplitude Loading (Chapters 2-8)
Fatigue as a Phenomenon in the Material	p. 13
Introduction	p. 13
Different phases of the fatigue life	p. 14
Crack initiation	p. 15
Crack growth	p. 18
The fatigue mechanism in more detail	p. 21
Crystallographic aspects	p. 23
Crack initiation at inclusions	p. 25
Small cracks, crack growth barriers, thresholds	p. 29
Number of crack nuclei	p. 32
Surface effects	p. 36
Crack growth and striations	p. 39
Environmental effects	p. 44
Cyclic tension and cyclic torsion	p. 47
Characteristic features of fatigue failures	p. 48
Microscopic characteristics	p. 50
Macroscopic characteristics	p. 51
Main topics of the present chapter	p. 55
References	p. 56
Stress Concentration at Notches	p. 59
Introduction	p. 59
Definition of Kt	p. 60
Analytical calculations on stress concentrations	p. 62
Effect of the notch geometry on Kt	p. 69
Some additional aspects of stress concentrations	p. 76
Superposition of notches	p. 80
Methods for the determination of stress concentrations	p. 82
Main topics of the present chapter	p. 86
References	p. 87
Residual Stress	p. 89
Introduction	p. 89
Different sources of residual stresses	p. 91
Measurements or calculations of residual stresses	p. 98
Estimation of the residual stress at a notch after a high load	p. 99
How to remove residual stresses	p. 102
Main topics of the present chapter	p. 103
References	p. 104
Stress Intensity Factors of Cracks	p. 105
Introduction	p. 105
Different types of cracks	p. 108
Definition of the stress intensity factor	p. 109
Examples of stress intensity factors	p. 111
K factors obtained by superposition	p. 122
Cracks with curved crack fronts	p. 124
Crack opening and the state of stress	p. 127
Crack tip plasticity	p. 130
Some energy considerations	p. 133
Determination of stress intensity factors	p. 135
The similarity concept and the application of the stress intensity factor K	p. 136
Main topics of the present chapter	p. 138
References	p. 139
Fatigue Properties	p. 141
Introduction	p. 141
Description of fatigue properties of unnotched material	p. 143
Some general aspects of the fatigue strength of unnotched specimens	p. 149
Relation between Sf and Su	p. 149
Mean stress effects	p. 150
The size effect for unnotched specimens	p. 153
Type of loading, tension, bending, torsion	p. 157
Combined loading	p. 159
Low-cycle fatigue	p. 162
Main topics of the present chapter	p. 167
References	p. 168
The Fatigue Strength of Notched Specimens	p. 171
Introduction	p. 171
The fatigue limit of notched specimens at Sm = 0	p. 173
The similarity principle and the notch sensitivity	p. 173
The size effect on the fatigue limit of notched specimens	p. 175
The fatigue limit of notched specimens for Sm > 0	p. 182
Notch effect under cyclic torsion	p. 188
Notch effect on the fatigue limit for combined loading cases	p. 190
Significance of the surface finish	p. 192
Discussion on predictions of the fatigue limit	p. 195
The S-N curves of notched specimens	p. 202
The major topics of the present chapter	p. 206
References	p. 207
Fatigue Crack Growth. Analysis and Predictions	p. 209
Introduction	p. 209
Description of fatigue crack growth properties	p. 211
Test results	p. 211
The stress intensity factor and the similarity concept	p. 212
Constant-¿K tests	p. 216
Fatigue crack growth regions	p. 217
Crack closure	p. 225
Plasticity induced crack closure and ¿Keff	p. 225
Plane strain/plane stress	p. 230
Thickness effect on fatigue crack growth	p. 232
Other crack closure mechanisms	p. 233
Crack growth data of different materials	p. 234
Prediction of fatigue crack growth	p. 240
Some basic aspects	p. 240
Crack growth predictions for through cracks	p. 243
Crack growth prediction for part through cracks	p. 248
A final comment	p. 252
Major topics of the present chapter	p. 252
References	p. 253
Load Spectra and Fatigue under Variable-Amplitude Loading (Chapters 9-11)
Load Spectra	p. 259
Introduction	p. 259
Different types of loads on a structure in service	p. 261
Description of load histories	p. 267
Determination of load spectra	p. 280
The qualitative approach	p. 281
The quantitative approach	p. 284
Service-simulation fatigue tests and load spectra	p. 287
Major aspects of the present chapter	p. 291
References	p. 292
Fatigue under Variable-Amplitude Loading	p. 295
Introduction	p. 296
The Miner rule	p. 297
Effect of load cycles with stress amplitudes below the fatigue limit	p. 299
Effect of notch root plasticity	p. 300
Crack length at failure	p. 302
What is basically wrong with the Miner rule?	p. 302
Results of fatigue tests under VA loading	p. 306
Alternative fatigue life prediction methods for VA loading	p. 313
Damage calculations and extrapolation of S-N curves below the fatigue limit	p. 313
The relative Miner rule	p. 316
Strain history prediction model	p. 316
Predictions based on service-simulation fatigue tests	p. 318
Discussion of fatigue life predictions for VA loading	p. 323
Life estimates for a specific component and the Miner rule	p. 324
Considerations on the effect of the design stress level	p. 325
Comparison between different options for design improvements	p. 325
Comparison of different load spectra	p. 325
Major topics of the present chapter	p. 326
References	p. 327
Fatigue Crack Growth under Variable-Amplitude Loading	p. 329
Introduction	p. 329
Crack growth under simple VA-stress histories	p. 331
Crack growth under complex VA-stress histories	p. 344
Crack growth prediction models for VA loading	p. 351
Non-interaction model	p. 352
Interaction models for prediction of fatigue crack growth under VA loading	p. 353
Evaluation of prediction methods for fatigue crack growth under VA-load histories	p. 361
Major topics of the present chapter	p. 365
References	p. 366
Fatigue Tests and Scatter (Chapters 12 and 13)
Fatigue and Scatter	p. 373
Introduction	p. 373
Sources of scatter	p. 373
Description of scatter	p. 375
Some practical aspects of scatter	p. 385
Major topics of the present chapter	p. 392
References	p. 393
Fatigue Tests	p. 395
Introduction	p. 395
Purposes of fatigue test programs	p. 396
Specimens	p. 397
Fatigue test procedures	p. 402
Reporting about fatigue test results	p. 406
Aspects of crack growth measurements	p. 408
Main topics of this chapter	p. 416
References	p. 416
Special Fatigue Conditions (Chapters 14-17)
Surface Treatments	p. 421
Introduction	p. 421
Aspects of surface treatments	p. 422
Some practical aspects of surface treatments	p. 434
Summary of major topics of the present chapter	p. 435
References	p. 435
Fretting Corrosion	p. 437
Introduction	p. 437
The fretting corrosion mechanism	p. 438
Effects on fretting corrosion	p. 441
Methods to avoid fretting corrosion problems	p. 447
Topics of the present chapter	p. 454
References	p. 455
Corrosion Fatigue	p. 457
Introduction	p. 457
Aspects of corrosion fatigue	p. 459
Corrosion fatigue in gaseous environments	p. 462
Corrosion fatigue in liquid environments	p. 464
Practical aspects of corrosion fatigue	p. 472
A case history	p. 475
Topics of the present chapter	p. 476
References	p. 477
High-Temperature and Low-Temperature Fatigue	p. 481
Introduction	p. 481
Two example of high-temperature fatigue	p. 483
Fatigue properties at high temperatures	p. 487
Fatigue at low temperatures	p. 490
Some general comments	p. 494
References	p. 495
Fatigue of Joints and Structures (Chapters 18-20)
Fatigue of Joints	p. 499
Introduction	p. 499
Fatigue of lugs	p. 501
Symmetric butt joints with rows of bolts or rivets	p. 508
Bolts loaded in tension	p. 511
Riveted and bolted joints with eccentricities	p. 517
Adhesive-bonded joints	p. 527
General discussion on predictions of fatigue properties of joints	p. 529
Major topics of the present chapter	p. 531
References	p. 531
Fatigue of Welded Joints	p. 535
Introduction	p. 535
Some general aspects	p. 536
Geometry aspects of welds	p. 538
Fatigue life considerations for CA loading	p. 545
Fatigue endurances of welded joints under VA loading	p. 551
Two special cases	p. 552
Spot welded joints	p. 555
Major topics of the present chapter	p. 556
References	p. 557
Designing against Fatigue of Structures	p. 559
Introduction	p. 559
Different types of structural fatigue problems	p. 560
Designing against fatigue	p. 562
Uncertainties, scatter and safety margins	p. 566
Uncertainties	p. 566
Scatter and safety factors	p. 567
Some case histories	p. 574
Improved shoulder fillets	p. 575
Secondary bending introduced by non-symmetric hole reinforcements	p. 576
Cracked aircraft wing panel repaired with a poorly designed patch	p. 580
Online structural health monitoring of the Tsing Ma Bridge	p. 580
Summarizing conclusions	p. 583
References	p. 585
Fatigue Resistance of Fiber-Metal Laminates (Chapter 21)
Fatigue Resistance of Fiber-Metal Laminates	p. 589
Introduction	p. 589
Laminated sheet material without fibers	p. 591
Fiber-metal laminates Arall and Glare	p. 595
The fiber-metal laminate concept	p. 595
Fiber-metal laminates as sheet material	p. 597
Crack growth in Glare	p. 600
Fatigue properties of Glare components	p. 603
More about Glare	p. 606
Some typical properties of Glare	p. 607
Production and design aspects of Glare structures	p. 607
Some summarizing remarks	p. 610
References	p. 611
Index	p. 615
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Fatigue of Structures and Materials

At a Glance

Hardcover

Industry Reviews

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How to return your order

Defective items

You Can Find This Book In

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