PART 1. The Global Innovation World: Which Visions Ahead? 1
Chapter 1. Inventing the Future 3
Fabienne GOUX-BAUDIMENT and Christopher B. JONES
1.1. Innovation 4
1.1.1. How should innovation be designed? 4
1.1.2. Profile of the innovator 6
1.2. Futures thinking 8
1.2.1. Futures thinking: a tool to build the future 8
1.2.2. Profile of the futurist 10
1.3. Change and network 12
1.3.1. When innovation feeds futures thinking: the study of change 12
1.3.2. When futures thinking helps innovation: opening the road to change 17
Chapter 2. Innovation Management: How to Change the Future 25
Andre-Yves PORTNOFF
2.1. The innovation, beyond technique 25
2.1.1. The fiction of the linear model 25
2.1.2. Technically and societally viable 26
2.1.3. Technical and societal futuribles 27
2.2. Innovations in an era of digital networks 28
2.2.1. More and more power 28
2.2.2. Cost of organizational transaction and innovation 29
2.3. Shortsightedness against innovation 30
2.3.1. Credibility of the message and the messenger? 30
2.3.2. Outdated evidences 30
2.3.3. A too narrow vision 31
2.3.4. False proofs 31
2.3.5. Significances ignored 32
2.3.6. Under-estimation of evolution potential 33
2.3.7. Dare to imagine breaks 33
2.3.8. Blinding arrogance 34
2.3.9. "The situation is under control" 35
2.4. Innovation as a process of creation of values 36
2.4.1. Sell the training with the product 36
2.4.2. Network, creator of value 37
2.5. Conclusion 38
Chapter 3. From Knowledge to Business: Virtual Encounters Propagate Innovation 41
Patrick CORSI and Barnabas TAKACS
3.1. Where information society mixes up our linear and local schemes 42
3.2. Knowledge on the move through networks: examples of innovation processes 44
3.3. Three laws underpinning technological evolution 46
3.4. How do virtual encounters ride the technology lifecycle curve? 47
3.5. The virtual human interface (VHI) brings a new meaning to communication 49
3.6. The emotional modulation opens up new business spaces 52
3.7. The requirements for a VHI 52
3.8. Bridging the digital divide: should not we replace the ill-fated WIMP interface? 54
Chapter 4. Value Management's Creative-Destruction via Digitalized Innovation: The Winning Plan 57
Jean MICHEL and Roy WOODHEAD
4.1. Introduction 57
4.2. The straightjacket of selling training and certification agenda 58
4.3. What exactly does innovation mean? 59
4.4. Value management: a long history 61
4.5. Definitions and rigidity 67
4.6. Potential of valorique in relation to the innovation 70
4.6.1. Problem scanning and framing: "inquiry and questioning" 70
4.6.2. A "systemic" step with mobilization-confrontation from multiple points of view 71
4.6.3. A reference frame that defines "functional need" based on function analysis 72
4.6.4. Cost intelligence and focusing on the economy of the means 73
4.6.5. The mobilization of information, knowledge and competences 74
4.6.6. Project management and the rigor of VA 75
4.6.7. The explicit or implicit recourse to the practices and techniques that enable creativity 75
4.7. Digital technology, networking, and an ability to innovate differently 76
4.7.1. The "valorique" culture 77
4.7.2. The digital revolution 78
4.7.3. Two innovating processes of different natures 79
4.7.4. The digital arrival of "valorique" 80
4.8. VM and digital networks. 81
Chapter 5. Research, Innovation and Technological Development 85
Melissa SAADOUN and Lin YANNING
5.1. Introduction 85
5.1.1. Innovation is about taking risks and managing change 85
5.1.2. The importance of innovation in the economy 86
5.2. Science, technology and innovation: building regional capacities 86
5.2.1. Promoting business opportunities in science and technology 87
5.2.2. Promoting infrastructure development as a technology learning process 87
5.2.3. Expanding access to science and technology education and research 88
5.2.4. Improving science and technology advice 88
5.3. Technology and global science for a better development 88
5.3.1. Structural funds to support research and innovation 90
5.3.2. Technology in today's global setting 90
5.3.3. Technological capabilities 91
5.3.4. Infrastructure and technological innovation 94
5.3.5. Research facilities as infrastructure 95
5.3.6. Mobilizing the engineering profession 95
5.4. Innovation and economic advance 96
5.4.1. Platform technologies with wide applicability 97
5.4.2. Information and communication technology 97
5.4.3. The network revolution 98
5.5. Investing in science, technology and education 99
5.5.1. New roles for universities 99
5.5.2. The role of ICT in education 101
5.5.3. The role of universities in innovation 102
5.6. Conclusion 103
Chapter 6. Sustainable Innovation through Community Based Collaborative Environments 105
Marc PALLOT and Kul PAWAR
6.1. Introduction 105
6.2. Components of collaboration 106
6.2.1. Different forms of collaboration 106
6.2.2. Different methods of work 108
6.2.3. Mobility 109
6.2.4. Teleworking (distance or remote working) 110
6.3. A systematic approach to collaboration 111
6.4. The collaborative enterprise 112
6.5. The network of innovative companies 113
6.5.1. Mixed marketing 113
6.5.2. Strategic coordination of partner networks 114
6.5.3. Financing innovation within a network 114
6.5.4. Company networks as incubators of innovation 114
6.5.5. The infrastructure of collaboration 114
6.6. Concurrent engineering 115
6.7. Adaptation of the collaboration process 117
6.8. Management of a collaborative project 118
6.9. Conclusions 121
Chapter 7. New Spaces for Innovation, New Challenges 123
Hiroshi MIZUTA, Victor SANDOVAL and Henri SAMIER
7.1. Introduction 123
7.2. Internet waves 124
7.2.1. P2P technology 127
7.2.2. Grid computing technology 128
7.2.3. Grid computing in Japan 131
7.3. Strategies of innovation 133
7.4. Hyperspace: new dimension of innovation 135
7.4.1. Hyperspace laws 136
7.4.2. Hypertime or space time 138
7.4.3. Distance and hyperdistance 140
7.5. Cyberenergy and cyberentropy 141
7.6. Conclusions143
PART 2. Tooling Innovation: Which Methods to Play and How? 145
Chapter 8. Knowledge Management for Innovation 147
Marc de FOUCHECOUR
8.1. Introduction 147
8.1.1. Studies 147
8.1.2. Objectives and plan 149
8.2. Innovation and knowledge 150
8.2.1. Some dualities 151
8.2.2. Innovation and knowledge 152
8.3. Reports 153
8.3.1. The reversal of the pyramid 153
8.3.2. Complex - collective 153
8.3.3. The paradox of time: compression and space 154
8.3.4. Stakeholder-oriented management 154
8.3.5. Matrix organization 154
8.3.6. Methods, tools and incantations 154
8.4. Knowledge: some "organizers" 155
8.4.1. The DIK model (Data-Information-Knowledge): knowledge as an object 156
8.4.2. The creative spiral and the Ba 158
8.4.3. Knowledge as a process 160
8.4.4. Cycles of innovation and of knowledge 161
8.5. Cultures, methods and tools 166
8.5.1. Where do we start? 166
8.5.2. Methods and tools for collective knowledge 167
8.5.3. Induced effects and combinations 171
8.6. Key factors 172
8.6.1. To share or not to share? 172
8.6.2. Learning or teaching 173
8.6.3. Stress and confidence 173
8.7. Conclusions and openings 173
Chapter 9. Integration of Stylistics and Uses: Trends in the Innovation Process 175
Carole BOUCHARD, Herve CHRISTOFOL and Dokshin LIM
9.1. Theories and concepts of stylistic innovation. 176
9.1.1. The universe of exchanges and influences 176
9.1.2. Trends in design 176
9.1.3. The stylistic attributes 177
9.1.4. Usage attributes 178
9.1.5. Stylistic tendencies and use179
9.1.6. Reasoning in the design professions and analogy in particular 179
9.1.7. Human values and product value 181
9.2. Methods and tools of stylistic innovation 182
9.2.1. The universe of exchange to the universe of influences 182
9.2.2. The analysis of iconic contents 183
9.2.3. Modeling of the analysis process of the tendencies of a universe of exchange 185
9.2.4. The harmonies of attributes 187
9.2.5. The chain of value/function/attribute 188
9.3. The step of stylistic monitoring and its application in designing the automobile trends panel 190
9.3.1. The construction of specifications and requirements 190
9.3.2. The determination of the influential universes 191
9.3.3 the analysis of the tendencies and their descriptions 193
9.3.4. The integration of tendencies in design of product 193
9.4. Conclusion 195
Chapter 10. Virtual Reality Technologies for Innovation 197
Simon RICHIR, Patrick CORSI and Albert "Skip" RIZZO
10.1. Introduction 197
10.2. The digital chain of conceptualization in the enterprise 198
10.3. Work on virtual project platforms 200
10.4. Virtualization of professions 202
10.5. What Virtual environments really mean 206
10.5.1. Today's challenges 206
10.5.2. Perspectives 208
10.6. The challenge ahead 211
Chapter 11. TRIZ: A New Way of Innovation 213
Darrell MANN and Pascal CRUBLEAU
11.1. Introduction 213
11.1.1. Product designing methods 213
11.1.2. An important stage 214
11.2. A deterministic vision of future technologies 215
11.2.1. General introduction 215
11.2.2. Introductory ideas 217
11.2.3. Postulates of TRIZ 218
11.3. Conclusion 221
Chapter 12. C4 Innovation Method: A Method for Designing Innovations 223
Olaf MAXANT, Gerald PIAT and Benoît ROUSSEL
12.1. Introduction 223
12.2. The approach of innovation in the commercial domain of EDF R&D 225
12.3. The C4 method 227
12.3.1. Overview of the method 227
12.3.2. Phase 1: comprehension of demand 227
12.3.3. Phase 2: creation 228
12.3.4. Phase 3: contextualization 229
12.3.5. Phase 4: confrontation 231
12.3.6. Modeling of the process 231
12.4. Diverse experimentations of the process 232
12.4.1. The "New Offers" project: contribution of the dynamic concept in comparison to the static concept 232
12.4.2. Collaboration with the Studio Creatif of France Telecom: towards an evaluation of service 234
12.5. Some new tools to facilitate the collaboration and the contextualization; towards an instrumentation of the process: "IdeoFil" and "StoryoFil" 235
12.5.1. IdeoFil 236
12.5.2. StoryoFil 238
12.6. Conclusions 238
Chapter 13. Creativity World 239
Michel SINTES
13.1. Introduction 239
13.2. Reflections on creativity 239
13.3. A human concept 240
13.3.1. Idea/intention 241
13.3.2. Thought/objective 242
13.3.3. The emotional aspect 242
13.3.4. Behavior 243
13.3.5. Result 244
13.3.6. Mini-cycle of creativity 245
13.3.7. The scale of values 246
13.4. The state to being one with the environment 248
13.5. The age of networks 250
PART 3. Innovation Management: Which Factors Underpin Success? 251
Chapter 14. Psychology of Innovation and Change Factors 253
Laurent DUKAN
14.1. Introduction 253
14.2. Innovation and research 255
14.3. Change in mentality 255
14.4. The principal cultural indicators for innovation 256
14.4.1. Fear and taking risks 256
14.4.2. Conformity and originality 257
14.4.3. The unknown and the future 257
14.4.4. Complexity 259
14.4.5. Mechanistic, systemic and complex thought 260
14.4.6. Communication and recognition 262
14.4.7. Failure and success 264
14.5. Conclusion 265
Chapter 15. Intellectual Property for Networks and Software 267
Sylvain ALLANO
15.1. Introduction 267
15.2. State of the problems and the protagonists 268
15.3. The main "nodes" in intellectual property amidst the networks operated in the context of innovation 268
15.4. Intellectual property rights applicable to the context of networks 270
15.5. Copyright "software" against networks 270
15.5.1. The main statutory copyright "software" 270
15.5.2. Intellectual property of the software circulating in the network 271
15.5.3. Intellectual property for software involving networks 272
15.5.4. Software copyright limitations 272
15.5.5. Software copyright 273
15.6. Free software 273
15.7. Protection through patents for communication software and networks 274
15.8. Actors in the networks and intellectual property 275
15.8.1. Intellectual property of databases 275
15.8.2. Expert systems and tools of artificial intelligence 276
15.8.3. Computer generated creations 276
15.9. Digital Rights Management (DRM) 276
15.10. When the networks themselves become tools for intellectual property 277
15.11. Enforcing intellectual property rights on the network scale 277
15.12. Conclusion: intellectual property and the networks: an advantage for innovation 278
Chapter 16. Innovation Scoreboard for Core Competencies Evaluation 279
Nathalie SAMIER
16.1. Introduction 279
16.2. Locations of the immaterial capital 280
16.2.1. Contribution of the theories of resources 280
16.2.2. The immaterial capital: intangible investment and intangible assets 281
16.3. Competences to innovate 282
16.3.1. Competences resulting from an internal interaction 283
16.3.2. Competences resulting from an external interaction 283
16.4. The key to the creation of knowledge 284
16.4.1. Modes of conversion of knowledge 285
16.4.2. The spiral of knowledge 286
16.5. The valorization of innovation in terms of the scoreboard 287
16.5.1. The value of IC conceived by SKANDIA 287
16.5.2. The SKANDIA navigator 288
16.5.3. The adaptations of SKANDIA model 290
16.6. Conclusion 293
Chaptrer 17. Financing Innovation 295
Pascale BRENET
17.1. Needs for financing associated with innovation 295
17.1.1. Time, risk and cost of innovation 296
17.1.2. The financial lifecycle of innovation 298
17.1.3. The financial fragility of innovating small companies 301
17.2. Adaptation of resources to innovation: "patient" and "loseable" money 301
17.2.1. Arbitration between debt and capital 302
17.2.2. A pool of resources 304
17.3. The financial system of innovation 306
17.3.1. Capital-investment 306
17.3.2. Markets of growing stocks 310
17.3.3. Public financing of innovation 311
17.4. Conclusion 312
Chapter 18. Innovation on the Web 315
François DRUEL
18.1. Introduction 315
18.2. Distribution model: Open Source and software patents 317
18.2.1. The clash of the titans 317
18.2.2. Publication vs. patents: innovation vs. industry? 319
18.3. An enormous base of information 320
18.4. Marketing and innovation on the Web 322
18.4.1. A leverage 322
18.4.2. A deep impression 323
18.4.3. New reflexes 324
18.5. A fantastic tool for sharing 325
18.5.1. If you don't know, ask, and if you know, share! 325
18.5.2. Business-to-business: Eldorado or damp squib? 326
18.6. E-commerce: a souffle fallen flat? 327
18.6.1. Between the hare and the tortoise 328
18.6.2. Incorrect good ideas for reel disadvantages 330
18.7. Conclusion 331
Chapter 19. Virtual Decision Support System for Innovation 333
Emmanuel CHENE
19.1. Introduction 333
19.2. From the management of innovation to the management of design 334
19.3. Intermediary virtual representations in the industrial context and transmissible via the Internet 337
19.3.1. From VIR in fixed 2D to VIR in interactive 3D via the Internet 337
19.3.2. Characterization of virtual intermediary representations in the industrial context and its transmission via Internet 339
19.4. Developing a decision-making aid with joint analysis software 340
19.4.1. Software tools for joint analysis 341
19.5. Implementation of the software in SME of packaging creation 342
19.5.1. Choice of designs and specifications 343
19.5.2. Collection of data 344
19.5.3. Calculation of uses 345
19.6. Analysis of contributions of VIR with joint analysis in designing 346
19.6.1. Cognitive limitations 347
19.6.2. Limitations in terms of management of decision-making aids 348
19.7. Perspectives 349
19.8. Conclusion 350
Chapter 20. Shapes, Knowledge and Innovation 353
Jean-Pierre MATHIEU, Michel LE RAY and Ilya KIRIA
20.1. Introduction 353
20.1.1. Existence and theory of universal forms: chosen angles and sacred proportions 354
20.2.1. Notion of chosen angles developed by physical sciences and between microscopic and macroscopic scales 355
20.2.2. Golden angles and forms constructed by man 356
20.2.3. Golden angles and other geometric forms 360
20.2.4. Contributions of neurophysiology 361
20.2.5. Contribution of cognitive psychology 363
20.3. The spatial quantification of an object 363
20.4. Overall finding 370
Bibliography 373
List of Authors 397
Index 401
