Youth, Skills and Education

Acknowledgements xii

1 Introduction â" Global Agendas Around Youth and

Neoliberal Development 1

1.0 Conceptions of Youth 1

1.1 Harnessing the Youth Dividend: Regulation and âResponsibilizationâ of Youth 5

1.2 Navigating Youthhood 7

1.3 About This Book 13

2 The âPsy Complexâ and Development Work with Youth 18

2.0 The âPsy-Sciencesâ and New Forms of Governance 18

2.1 PYD and Entrepreneurial Youth 20

2.2 PYD and the Proliferation of Governance 25

3 LSE for âEnterpriseâ or âEducational Reformâ? 30

3.0 The Generalization of Psycho-Education and Youth Development: The Indian Context 30

3.1 LSE â" A Genealogical Examination 33

3.1.1 The Self-Help and Skills Revolution within Psychology 36

3.2 Emergence and Circulation in the Indian Context 39

3.2.1 The Targets of Life Skills Interventions 42

4 A Range of Actors in Indian Education 46

4.0 A Range of Actors and the Intent of Life Skilling 46

4.1 Life Skills Programmes as âGlobal Middle-Classâ Cultural Capital 48

4.1.1 Imagine Possibilities 50

4.1.2 Viveka Youth Brigade 53

4.1.3 Media for Change Limited 55

5 Technologies of Self â" LSE and the Shaping of the Entrepreneurial Self 60

Diary Entry: February 17, 2012; 5:30â"7:00 am, Eidgah Maidan, Bengaluru 60

5.0 A Pedagogy for Discipline 60

5.1 The Pedagogic Format of LSE 61

5.1.1 Participation, and the Practices of âCareâ, Confession, and âVisibilizationâ 63

5.1.2 Role of Language within the Programmes 67

5.1.3 Modulation of Body Rhythm, Mood, and Behaviour 71

6 Curricular Agendas, Classroom Transactions, and Social Reproduction of Youth Identities 77

The Story of âWarm Fuzziesâ and âCold Prickliesâ 77

6.0 Classroom Agendas and the Reconstruction of Youth Selves 77

6.1 Meeting the Expectations of Schools 78

6.2 Meeting the Ends of Donors and Funders 82

6.3 Meeting the Middle-Class Vision of Development 85

6.4 Meeting the Patriarchal Expectations of Society 88

6.5 The Entrepreneurial Self: Educated but De-Skilled and Malleable 91

7 Cultural Disconnects and Youth Formations Through Enterprise and Social Reproduction 95

7.0 Field Realities and the Outcomes of LSE Programmes 95

7.0.1 Studentsâ Account of LSE 95

7.0.2 LSE and the Affordances of Better Education 98

7.0.3 Facilitators and the Production of a New Professional Status 101

7.0.4 âManagersâ and the Production of âDistinctionâ 107

8 Psycho-Regulation Programmes and âStrategic Opportunizingâ: Theorizing the Possibilities: Youth Identity Formations 113

8.0 Local Contexts, Global Discourses, and âCultural Disconnectsâ: Understanding the Responses to

Psychosocial Interventions 113

8.1 LSE and Middle-Class Cultural Capital 113

8.1.1 The TTP by IP 114

8.1.2 Lava Pit and Fissures within Team Dynamics 117

8.2 Class, Self, and Habitus 121

8.3 Governmentality, Power, and the Possibilities for Resistance 123

8.4 âStrategic Opportunismâ and the (Re)Production of Youth Identities 125

9 Conclusion 129

9.0 Developmentalism and Education 129

9.1 Youth Aspirations, Appropriations, and Resistances 130

9.2 Alternative Possibilities and Social Transformation Through LSE Programmes 132

Appendices 137

List of Abbreviations 143

References 144

Index 160