World Health Organization

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By: Gian Luca Burci (Editor), Claude-Henri Vignes (Editor)

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Published: 1st January 2004

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The World Health Organization (WHO) was established in 1946, as an essential step in the construction of the post-war system of international cooperation. Its creation is the culmination of an historical process that began in the nineteenth century and developed through the establishment in the twentieth century of a number of international sanitary bodies. WHO was meant, in the intentions of its founders, as the central international organization in the area of international health cooperation, with remarkable functions and powers to ensure guidance and coordination of international health work at the global level. It definitely represents the embodiment of the concept that diseases do not know or respect boundaries and that, as the preamble to WHOs Constitution states, the achievement of any State in the promotion and protection of health is of value to all.

WHO has used its authority and implemented its constitutional mandate in many different and sometimes innovative ways, at the normative, policy-making and technical levels alike. It has become an essential protagonist in the effort of the international community to control diseases and to promote good physical and mental health. It has also become a reference point not only for its Member States but also for the many groups and civil society organizations active in the field of public health.

Notwithstanding its importance and achievements, WHO is probably not so well-known outside its specific field of competence as other international agencies, especially as regards its structure and its normative and policy work. The authors, a former legal counsel of WHO and senior official of WHOs legal office, have written a thorough and systematic review of WHO in its changing historical and political context, aiming in particular at practitioners and scholars without a specific medical background.

The Authors	p. 3
Acknowledgements	p. 5
List of Abbreviations	p. 13
Introduction	p. 15
Genesis	p. 15
The Constitution	p. 17
Participation	p. 21
Membership	p. 21
Admission	p. 21
Incidents of Membership	p. 26
Rights and Obligations of Member States	p. 32
Associate Members and Territories	p. 33
Structure	p. 35
The World Health Assembly	p. 35
Composition	p. 35
Delegates	p. 35
Representatives	p. 36
Observers	p. 36
Operation	p. 39
Role	p. 44
The Executive Board	p. 45
Composition	p. 45
Operation	p. 46
Role	p. 47
The Secretariat	p. 50
The Director-General	p. 50
The Staff	p. 51
Regional Arrangements	p. 53
Geographical Areas	p. 53
Regional Organizations	p. 55
Regional Committees	p. 55
Regional Offices	p. 56
The Advisory Opinion of 22 December 1980	p. 57
The Special Arrangements (PAHO)	p. 59
Non-statutory Bodies	p. 62
Relations of WHO	p. 67
Relations with States	p. 67
Relations with Intergovernmental Organizations	p. 73
General Considerations	p. 73
Relations with UNDP	p. 74
Relations with UNICEF	p. 76
Co-sponsored Programmes	p. 78
HRP and TDR	p. 79
Codex Alimentarius	p. 80
UNAIDS	p. 84
Relations with Non-governmental Organizations	p. 89
Relations with the Private Sector and 'Partnerships'	p. 94
Competence	p. 107
The Concept of Health	p. 107
The Advisory Opinion of 8 July 1996	p. 114
Functions	p. 119
General Considerations	p. 119
WHO's Functions and their Categorization	p. 119
Programming and Priorities	p. 121
Normative Functions	p. 124
International Conventions and Agreements	p. 124
General Considerations	p. 124
The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control	p. 126
Regulations	p. 131
General Considerations	p. 131
The Nomenclature Regulations	p. 132
The International Health Regulations	p. 134
Recommendations and Other Non-binding Standards	p. 141
Introduction	p. 141
The International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes	p. 142
The Standard Setting Process	p. 146
General Considerations on the Use by WHO of its Normative Functions	p. 153
Directing and Coordinating Functions	p. 156
Health for All	p. 160
Poverty and Health	p. 165
The Fight against Disease	p. 170
Onchocerciasis	p. 172
Smallpox	p. 174
The Global Smallpox Eradication Programme, 1959-1967	p. 174
The Intensified Smallpox Eradication Programme, 1968-1980	p. 175
Vaccination Campaigns	p. 176
Surveillance-containment	p. 177
Collection of Data	p. 177
Information and Education	p. 178
International Support	p. 178
Research	p. 179
The Global Certification of Smallpox Eradication	p. 180
The Destruction of the Stocks of Variola Virus	p. 181
Tuberculosis	p. 182
WHO and TB Control	p. 182
WHO's DOTS Strategy to Control TB	p. 184
The Global Partnership to Stop TB	p. 185
Political Commitment and Financial Resources	p. 186
Access to Medicines	p. 187
Rational Selection and Use	p. 189
Prices and Impact of International Trade Agreements	p. 189
Financing	p. 192
Reliable Health and Supply Systems	p. 193
Research and Technical Cooperation	p. 195
Finance	p. 201
Legal Basis	p. 201
Financial Resources	p. 202
The Regular Budget	p. 202
Extrabudgetary Resources	p. 204
Contributions to the Regular Budget	p. 207
Data and Publications	p. 211
Introduction	p. 211
WHO's Publications	p. 212
Information on Health Legislation	p. 214
Databases	p. 215
The Library	p. 216
The WHO Website	p. 217
Addresses	p. 219
Short Bibliography	p. 221
Monographs	p. 221
Articles and Contributions	p. 222
Constitution of the World Health Organization	p. 225
Annex VII - The World Health Organization	p. 241
World Health Declaration	p. 243
Members of the World Health Organization	p. 245
Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health	p. 251
Subject Index	p. 253
Table of Contents provided by Rittenhouse. All Rights Reserved.

ISBN: 9789041122735
ISBN-10: 9041122737
Audience: Professional
Format: Paperback
Language: English
Number Of Pages: 256
Published: 1st January 2004
Publisher: Kluwer Law International
Country of Publication: NL
Dimensions (cm): 24.23 x 16.76 x 1.68
Weight (kg): 0.4