Foreword | p. xv |
Preface | p. xvii |
About the Authors | p. xxiii |
Wireless Networks and Their Context | p. 1 |
Introduction | p. 1 |
The Scenario | p. 3 |
The Players | p. 6 |
Concluding Remarks | p. 11 |
The Wireless Communications Physical Layer | p. 13 |
Historical Perspectives | p. 13 |
Digital Communication Basics | p. 14 |
Complex Baseband Representation of Bandpass Signals | p. 15 |
Digital Transmission | p. 18 |
Performance Metrics for Digital Communication | p. 19 |
Some Limits on Performance of Digital Communication Systems | p. 22 |
Optimum Demodulation | p. 24 |
Discussion | p. 28 |
Orthogonal Modulations | p. 29 |
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing | p. 29 |
Orthogonal Code Division Multiplexing | p. 32 |
Binary Stream Modulation | p. 35 |
Orthogonal Modulations with Memory | p. 37 |
Propagation in Wireless Channels | p. 40 |
Free Space Propagation | p. 41 |
Multipath Propagation | p. 46 |
Gaussian Modeling of Multipath Channels | p. 49 |
The Selectivity of Wireless Channels | p. 51 |
Frequency Selectivity | p. 52 |
Spatial Selectivity | p. 57 |
Time Selectivity | p. 63 |
Summary of Channel Characteristics | p. 66 |
Physical Models of Wireless Systems | p. 68 |
Time-Flat Frequency-Flat (TF/FF) Channels | p. 70 |
Time-Varying Frequency-Flat (TV/FF) Channels | p. 72 |
Time-Flat Frequency-Varying (TF/FV) Channels | p. 73 |
Receiver-Space-Varying Frequency-Flat (RSV/FF) Channel | p. 73 |
Transmitter-Receiver Space-Varying Frequency-Flat (TRSV/FF) Channel | p. 74 |
Paradigms for Wireless Communication | p. 75 |
Modern Wireless Communication | p. 77 |
Capacity of the SISO Channel | p. 79 |
Capacity of the SISO Varying Channel | p. 82 |
Capacity of the RSV/TF/FF Channel | p. 83 |
MIMO Capacity | p. 86 |
Conclusion | p. 90 |
Handset Communication Antennas Including Human Interactions | p. 95 |
Introduction | p. 95 |
Mobile Communication Systems | p. 95 |
Antenna Designs for Handsets | p. 98 |
Interaction with the Human | p. 99 |
Objectives of this Chapter | p. 100 |
Overview of Popular Handset Antennas | p. 102 |
RF System Introduction | p. 102 |
External Antennas | p. 103 |
Internal Antennas | p. 106 |
Non-Cellular Antennas | p. 107 |
Key Electrical Parameters in Handset Antenna Designs | p. 109 |
Integration of Multiple Antennas | p. 111 |
Dual-Band PIFA Design | p. 112 |
PIFA and Whip Antenna Combination | p. 113 |
PIFA and GPS IFA Combination | p. 124 |
Human Interaction in Handset Antenna Design | p. 134 |
Human Head Effect on Handset Antennas | p. 135 |
SAR Consideration in Handset Antenna Designs | p. 139 |
SAR Reduction with a GPS IFA | p. 144 |
Total Radiated Power (TRP) | p. 146 |
Definition of TRP | p. 147 |
PIFA Models in the 1900MHz Band | p. 148 |
SAR and TRP | p. 151 |
Conclusion | p. 154 |
Wireless Channel Model | p. 161 |
Introduction | p. 161 |
The Deterministic Approach | p. 162 |
The Stochastic Approach | p. 164 |
The Deterministic Geometrical Model (DGM) | p. 165 |
Input Data | p. 166 |
Output Data | p. 168 |
Rays Propagation, Reflection, and Diffraction | p. 169 |
Results | p. 172 |
The Stochastic Environment Model | p. 172 |
The Large-Scatterers Model (SELM) | p. 176 |
The Small-Scatterers Model (SESM) | p. 177 |
Analytic Results | p. 178 |
Validation | p. 182 |
Conclusion | p. 184 |
Ad Hoc Wireless Networks | p. 187 |
Introduction and Definitions | p. 187 |
Wireless Evolution | p. 187 |
Ad Hoc Network Characteristics | p. 189 |
Wireless Network Taxonomy | p. 191 |
Ad Hoc Network Applications | p. 192 |
The Battlefield | p. 193 |
Opportunistic Ad Hoc Networking in the Urban Grid and on Campus | p. 196 |
Design Challenges | p. 198 |
Mobility and Scaling | p. 199 |
Cross Layer Interaction | p. 199 |
The Rest of this Chapter | p. 200 |
Overview of Scalable Ad Hoc Routing Protocols | p. 201 |
Routing in a Flat Network Address Structure | p. 203 |
Hierarchical Routing Protocols | p. 210 |
Geographic Position Information Assisted Routing | p. 218 |
The MINUTEMAN Project | p. 224 |
Scalable Routing in MINUTEMAN | p. 228 |
Backbone Node Deployment and Clustering | p. 229 |
Random Competition-Based Clustering | p. 230 |
Multihop Clustering | p. 232 |
Scalable Routing: LANMAR | p. 232 |
LANMAR in the MBN | p. 232 |
Mobile IP Routing from the Internet | p. 234 |
Simulation Experiments | p. 234 |
Cluster Stability | p. 235 |
Routing Algorithm Performance | p. 236 |
Related Work | p. 237 |
Conclusion | p. 238 |
Sensor Networks | p. 243 |
Introduction | p. 243 |
Motivation | p. 243 |
Measured Data and Network Characteristics | p. 244 |
Metrics | p. 245 |
Related Work | p. 246 |
Main Contributions and Organization of the Chapter | p. 248 |
Background | p. 248 |
Problem Setting | p. 250 |
Network Model | p. 250 |
Signal Model | p. 251 |
Data Gathering of Spatially Correlated Random Processes | p. 252 |
Lossless Data Gathering | p. 252 |
Node Placement | p. 266 |
Lossy Data Gathering | p. 267 |
Remarks | p. 272 |
Data Gathering of Spatio-Temporal Processes | p. 273 |
Problem Setup | p. 275 |
One-Dimensional Network | p. 276 |
Two-Dimensional Model | p. 282 |
Numerical Simulations | p. 284 |
Remarks | p. 285 |
Conclusion | p. 286 |
Wireless Networks and the Expected Next Revolution in Information Technology | p. 289 |
Introduction | p. 289 |
The Wireless Medium | p. 290 |
The Capacity and Architecture of Wireless Networks | p. 296 |
Protocols for Ad Hoc Networks | p. 302 |
Power Control | p. 303 |
Routing | p. 305 |
Medium Access Control | p. 307 |
In-Network Processing for Function Computation in Sensor Networks | p. 310 |
Networked Control | p. 312 |
Index | p. 319 |
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