| Preface | p. xi |
| Acknowledgments | p. xxiii |
| Setting the Stage | p. 1 |
| Setting the Context | p. 3 |
| Crime Rates and the Nation | p. 3 |
| Social Work and the Criminal Justice System | p. 4 |
| Why an Urban Focus? | p. 8 |
| A Capacity Enhancement Perspective | p. 10 |
| Book Goals | p. 12 |
| Conclusion | p. 13 |
| Incarceration Profiles and Trends | p. 16 |
| Oppression and Communities of Color | p. 17 |
| Profiles and Trends Among the Correctionally Supervised | p. 23 |
| Incarceration Rates and Trends | p. 24 |
| Prison Construction and Overcrowding | p. 31 |
| Lifetime Chances of Incarceration | p. 32 |
| Death Row | p. 32 |
| Economic Costs of Incarceration | p. 35 |
| Conclusion | p. 40 |
| Substance Abuse and Incarceration | p. 42 |
| The Impact of Substance Abuse on One American City | p. 43 |
| The Nation's War on Drugs and Crime | p. 45 |
| Punishment Versus Rehabilitation and Treatment | p. 47 |
| Source Control and Interdiction | p. 48 |
| Substance Abuse-Related Offenses | p. 49 |
| National Legislation | p. 50 |
| Mandatory Minimum Sentencing | p. 51 |
| Forfeitures of Property | p. 54 |
| Juveniles Waived to Adult Correctional System | p. 55 |
| Alcohol-Related Crime | p. 55 |
| Drugs, Crime, and Incarceration of People of Color | p. 56 |
| Lack of Availability of Substance Abuse Treatment | p. 59 |
| Grassroots Responses to Drug-Related Incarceration | p. 62 |
| Conclusion | p. 62 |
| The Impact of Correctional Supervision: A Multifaceted Perspective | p. 65 |
| Consequences of Correctional Supervision | p. 66 |
| Prison | p. 66 |
| Probation and Parole | p. 68 |
| Impact of Incarceration on the Child Welfare System | p. 69 |
| Familial Roles and Responsibilities: Substance Abuse, Child Maltreatment, and Correctional Supervision | p. 70 |
| Consequences for the Community | p. 72 |
| Over- and Underpolicing | p. 75 |
| Informal Community Settings | p. 76 |
| Impact on the Nation | p. 76 |
| The Unique Circumstances Involving Death Row | p. 77 |
| Conclusion | p. 78 |
| Capacity Enhancement Concepts and Practice | p. 81 |
| Capacity Enhancement Practice: Key Values, Principles, and Goals | p. 83 |
| Need for a New Practice Paradigm | p. 85 |
| What Is Capacity Enhancement? | p. 89 |
| Values and Principles of Capacity Enhancement | p. 90 |
| Goals of Capacity Enhancement Social Work Practice with Prisoners and Former Prisoners | p. 92 |
| Collective Action/Participation | p. 92 |
| Strengths and Assets | p. 93 |
| Empowerment | p. 94 |
| Cultural Competency | p. 95 |
| Collaboration | p. 96 |
| Capacity Enhancement Arenas with the Correctionally Supervised | p. 97 |
| Increase Control Over Stress and Behavior | p. 97 |
| Foster Participation in and Input Into Programming | p. 98 |
| Maintain and Enhance Contact with Family and Community | p. 99 |
| Increase Self-Esteem | p. 100 |
| Increase Ethnic and Cultural Pride | p. 101 |
| Provide Opportunities to Give Back to the Community (Community Service) | p. 102 |
| Enhance Feelings of Empathy and Willingness to Care for Others | p. 103 |
| The Challenges of Capacity Enhancement Social Work with the Correctionally Supervised | p. 104 |
| Conclusion | p. 105 |
| A Framework for Capacity Enhancement Practice with the Correctionally Supervised | p. 107 |
| Functions of a Practice Framework | p. 108 |
| Framework for Capacity Enhancement Practice | p. 109 |
| Identification and Assessment | p. 110 |
| Mapping | p. 112 |
| Engagement | p. 113 |
| Intervention | p. 114 |
| Evaluation | p. 115 |
| Conclusion | p. 117 |
| Reflections from the Field | p. 119 |
| Case Study Method | p. 121 |
| Approaches to Field Studies | p. 122 |
| Key Informant Questions | p. 125 |
| Case Study Outline | p. 126 |
| AIDS Counseling Education, Bedford Hills Correctional Facility, New York | p. 128 |
| Reading Academy, Maryland Correctional Institute-Jessup | p. 138 |
| Experimental Gallery, Children's Museum, Seattle, Washington | p. 143 |
| Delancey Street Foundation, San Francisco, California | p. 149 |
| People Animals Love, Washington, D.C. | p. 158 |
| Summit House, Greensboro, North Carolina | p. 162 |
| Moving Ahead Program, St. Francis House, Boston | p. 167 |
| Women's Prison Association, New York City | p. 176 |
| Bliss Unlimited, Glendale, California | p. 183 |
| Program for Female Offenders, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania | p. 192 |
| Reflections on Case Studies | p. 202 |
| Lessons, Recommendations, and Reflections | p. 205 |
| Lessons for Social Work Practice | p. 207 |
| What Are Competencies? | p. 208 |
| Micropractice Competencies | p. 211 |
| Community Practice (Macropractice) Competencies | p. 212 |
| Conclusion | p. 214 |
| Implications for Social Work Education | p. 216 |
| Social Work Education | p. 216 |
| Conclusion | p. 219 |
| Appendix | p. 221 |
| References | p. 255 |
| Subject Index | p. 279 |
| Name Index | p. 287 |
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