Water Science and Technology Library

1. Introduction.- 1.1 Definition of hydrological forecasting.- 1.2 Importance of forecasting in flood mitigation and water-resource management.- 1.3 New needs for hydrological forecasting.- 1.4 Classification of forecasts.- 1.5 Relationship of meteorological and hydrological forecasts.- 1.6 Use of Hydrological Operational Multipurpose Subprogramme (HOMS) of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).- 2. Components of Hydrological Forecasting Systems.- 2.1 General description of the system.- 2.2 Historical and real-time data-collection sub-systems.- 2.3 Datatransmission sub-system.- 2.4 Data base management.- 2.5 Forecasting procedures (models).- 3. Selection of Forecasting Procedures.- 3.1 Comparisons of models.- 3.2 Sensitivity and interdependence of forecasting sub-systems.- 4. Forecast Updating and Evaluation.- 4.1 Forms in which forecasts are issued.- 4.2 Forecast updating techniques and error analysis.- 4.3 Evaluation of hydrological forecasts.- 5. Benefit and Cost Analysis of Hydrological Forecasts.- 5.1 Cost-benefit analysis.- 5.2 Cost-efficiency evaluation.- 6. Examples of Design of Hydrological Forecasting.- 6.1 Network design.- 6.2 Data-collection subsystems (sensors and transmission).- 6.3 Data-processing and modelling sub-systems.- 6.4 Forecast updating and dissemination.- References.- Annexes.- 1. Selected list of HOMS components related to hydrological forecasting.- 2. Results of a WMO survey of hydrological forecasting systems in Europe.- 3. Example of a system in the Pampanga River basin, Philippines.- 4. Example of a system in the Indus River basin, Pakistan.- 5. Examples of systems in the Amazon River basin, Brazil - lower and middle Amazon and the Tocantins.- 6. Example of a system in the Yangtze River basin, China.- 7. Example of a system installed in and specifications for the data acquisition sub-system for the Niger River basin.- 8. Jhelum District Flood Order, Pakistan, 1980.- 9. Weekly hydrological bulletin (Poland).- 10. Low flow hydrological forecasts (River Niger).- 11. Glossary of terms.